Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minima...

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Autores principales:	Mohd Nazren Radzuan, James Winterburn, Ibrahim Banat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biorefinery rhamnolipid biosurfactant fermentation <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1 Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfe0fbacb2224401b4617bee7d4583a3
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:bfe0fbacb2224401b4617bee7d4583a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfe0fbacb2224401b4617bee7d4583a32021-11-25T18:51:40ZBioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products10.3390/pr91120372227-9717https://doaj.org/article/bfe0fbacb2224401b4617bee7d4583a32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/11/2037https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9717Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minimal medium and with a nitrogen concentration of 1 g L<sup>−1</sup>. Mass spectrometry results show the crude biosurfactant produced was predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C<sub>10</sub>-C<sub>10</sub>) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C<sub>10</sub>-C<sub>10</sub>) at 503 and 649 m/z value for both substrates. Maximum production of crude rhamnolipid for PFAD was 1.06 g L<sup>−1</sup> whereas for FAME it was 2.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, with a reduction in surface tension of Tris-HCl pH 8.0 solution to 28 mN m<sup>−1</sup> and a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 26 mg L<sup>−1</sup> measured for both products. Furthermore, the 24 h emulsification indexes in kerosene, hexadecane, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil using 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> of crude rhamnolipid were in the range 20–50%. Consequently, PFAD and FAME, by-products from the agricultural refining of palm oil, may result in a product that has a higher added-value, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, in the process of integrated biorefinery.Mohd Nazren RadzuanJames WinterburnIbrahim BanatMDPI AGarticlebiorefineryrhamnolipidbiosurfactantfermentation<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1Chemical technologyTP1-1185ChemistryQD1-999ENProcesses, Vol 9, Iss 2037, p 2037 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biorefinery rhamnolipid biosurfactant fermentation <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1 Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	biorefinery rhamnolipid biosurfactant fermentation <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1 Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemistry QD1-999 Mohd Nazren Radzuan James Winterburn Ibrahim Banat Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products
description	Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) are used by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 to produce rhamnolipid biosurfactant. The process of fermentation producing of biosurfactant was structured in a 2 L bioreactor using 2% of PFAD and FAME as carbon sources in minimal medium and with a nitrogen concentration of 1 g L<sup>−1</sup>. Mass spectrometry results show the crude biosurfactant produced was predominantly monorhamnolipid (Rha-C<sub>10</sub>-C<sub>10</sub>) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C<sub>10</sub>-C<sub>10</sub>) at 503 and 649 m/z value for both substrates. Maximum production of crude rhamnolipid for PFAD was 1.06 g L<sup>−1</sup> whereas for FAME it was 2.1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, with a reduction in surface tension of Tris-HCl pH 8.0 solution to 28 mN m<sup>−1</sup> and a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 26 mg L<sup>−1</sup> measured for both products. Furthermore, the 24 h emulsification indexes in kerosene, hexadecane, sunflower oil, and rapeseed oil using 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> of crude rhamnolipid were in the range 20–50%. Consequently, PFAD and FAME, by-products from the agricultural refining of palm oil, may result in a product that has a higher added-value, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, in the process of integrated biorefinery.
format	article
author	Mohd Nazren Radzuan James Winterburn Ibrahim Banat
author_facet	Mohd Nazren Radzuan James Winterburn Ibrahim Banat
author_sort	Mohd Nazren Radzuan
title	Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products
title_short	Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products
title_full	Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products
title_fullStr	Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products
title_full_unstemmed	Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products
title_sort	bioreactor rhamnolipid production using palm oil agricultural refinery by-products
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfe0fbacb2224401b4617bee7d4583a3
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohdnazrenradzuan bioreactorrhamnolipidproductionusingpalmoilagriculturalrefinerybyproducts AT jameswinterburn bioreactorrhamnolipidproductionusingpalmoilagriculturalrefinerybyproducts AT ibrahimbanat bioreactorrhamnolipidproductionusingpalmoilagriculturalrefinerybyproducts
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Bioreactor Rhamnolipid Production Using Palm Oil Agricultural Refinery By-Products

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