Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors

Achyut J Raghavendra,1,* Jingyi Zhu,1,* Wren Gregory,1 Fengjiao Case,1 Pradyumna Mulpur,2 Shahzad Khan,3 Anurag Srivastava,3 Ramakrishna Podila1 1Laboratory of Nano-biophysics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; 2Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA;...

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Autores principales:	Raghavendra AJ, Zhu J, Gregory W, Case F, Mulpur P, Khan S, Srivastava A, Podila R
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Biosensor surface plasmons nano-silver fluorescence fullerenes Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/bfff09d00ba74e2eb2e1f14b48da9f20
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:bfff09d00ba74e2eb2e1f14b48da9f202021-12-02T08:00:37ZChemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/bfff09d00ba74e2eb2e1f14b48da9f202018-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/chemiplasmonics-for-high-throughput-biosensors-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Achyut J Raghavendra,1,* Jingyi Zhu,1,* Wren Gregory,1 Fengjiao Case,1 Pradyumna Mulpur,2 Shahzad Khan,3 Anurag Srivastava,3 Ramakrishna Podila1 1Laboratory of Nano-biophysics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; 2Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA; 3ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, MP, India *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: The sensitivity of ELISA for biomarker detection can be significantly increased by integrating fluorescence with plasmonics. In surface-plasmon-coupled emission, the fluorophore emission is generally enhanced through the so-called physical mechanism due to an increase in the local electric field. Despite its fairly high enhancement factors, the use of surface-plasmon-coupled emission for high-throughput and point-of-care applications is still hampered due to the need for expensive focusing optics and spectrometers.Methods: Here, we describe a new chemiplasmonic-sensing paradigm for enhanced emission through the molecular interactions between aromatic dyes and C60 films on Ag substrates.Results: A 20-fold enhancement in the emission from rhodamine B-labeled biomolecules can be readily elicited without quenching its red color emission. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate two model bioassays using: 1) the RhB–streptavidin and biotin complexes in which the dye was excited using an inexpensive laser pointer and the ensuing enhanced emission was recorded by a smartphone camera without the need for focusing optics and 2) high-throughput 96-well plate assay for a model antigen (rabbit immunoglobulin) that showed detection sensitivity as low as 6.6 pM.Conclusion: Our results show clear evidence that chemiplasmonic sensors can be extended to detect biomarkers in a point-of-care setting through a smartphone in simple normal incidence geometry without the need for focusing optics. Furthermore, chemiplasmonic sensors also facilitate high-throughput screening of biomarkers in the conventional 96-well plate format with 10–20 times higher sensitivity. Keywords: biosensor, surface plasmons, nanosilver, fluorescence, fullerenesRaghavendra AJZhu JGregory WCase FMulpur PKhan SSrivastava APodila RDove Medical PressarticleBiosensorsurface plasmonsnano-silverfluorescencefullerenesMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 13, Pp 8051-8062 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biosensor surface plasmons nano-silver fluorescence fullerenes Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Biosensor surface plasmons nano-silver fluorescence fullerenes Medicine (General) R5-920 Raghavendra AJ Zhu J Gregory W Case F Mulpur P Khan S Srivastava A Podila R Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors
description	Achyut J Raghavendra,1,* Jingyi Zhu,1,* Wren Gregory,1 Fengjiao Case,1 Pradyumna Mulpur,2 Shahzad Khan,3 Anurag Srivastava,3 Ramakrishna Podila1 1Laboratory of Nano-biophysics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; 2Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA; 3ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, MP, India *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: The sensitivity of ELISA for biomarker detection can be significantly increased by integrating fluorescence with plasmonics. In surface-plasmon-coupled emission, the fluorophore emission is generally enhanced through the so-called physical mechanism due to an increase in the local electric field. Despite its fairly high enhancement factors, the use of surface-plasmon-coupled emission for high-throughput and point-of-care applications is still hampered due to the need for expensive focusing optics and spectrometers.Methods: Here, we describe a new chemiplasmonic-sensing paradigm for enhanced emission through the molecular interactions between aromatic dyes and C60 films on Ag substrates.Results: A 20-fold enhancement in the emission from rhodamine B-labeled biomolecules can be readily elicited without quenching its red color emission. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate two model bioassays using: 1) the RhB–streptavidin and biotin complexes in which the dye was excited using an inexpensive laser pointer and the ensuing enhanced emission was recorded by a smartphone camera without the need for focusing optics and 2) high-throughput 96-well plate assay for a model antigen (rabbit immunoglobulin) that showed detection sensitivity as low as 6.6 pM.Conclusion: Our results show clear evidence that chemiplasmonic sensors can be extended to detect biomarkers in a point-of-care setting through a smartphone in simple normal incidence geometry without the need for focusing optics. Furthermore, chemiplasmonic sensors also facilitate high-throughput screening of biomarkers in the conventional 96-well plate format with 10–20 times higher sensitivity. Keywords: biosensor, surface plasmons, nanosilver, fluorescence, fullerenes
format	article
author	Raghavendra AJ Zhu J Gregory W Case F Mulpur P Khan S Srivastava A Podila R
author_facet	Raghavendra AJ Zhu J Gregory W Case F Mulpur P Khan S Srivastava A Podila R
author_sort	Raghavendra AJ
title	Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors
title_short	Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors
title_full	Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors
title_fullStr	Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors
title_full_unstemmed	Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors
title_sort	chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/bfff09d00ba74e2eb2e1f14b48da9f20
work_keys_str_mv	AT raghavendraaj chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors AT zhuj chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors AT gregoryw chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors AT casef chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors AT mulpurp chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors AT khans chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors AT srivastavaa chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors AT podilar chemiplasmonicsforhighthroughputbiosensors
_version_	1718398747354857472

Chemiplasmonics for high-throughput biosensors

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