Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species

Abstract In invasive parasites, generalism is considered advantageous during the initial phase of introduction. Thereafter, fitness costs to parasites, such as host-specific mortality, can drive parasites towards specialism to avoid costly hosts. It is important to determine changes in host specific...

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Autores principales:	Lauren K. Common, Petra Sumasgutner, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, Diane Colombelli-Négrel, Sonia Kleindorfer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c074a63e941949f2a70bf61a3befbeb4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c074a63e941949f2a70bf61a3befbeb42021-12-02T18:49:16ZAvian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species10.1038/s41598-021-94996-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c074a63e941949f2a70bf61a3befbeb42021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94996-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In invasive parasites, generalism is considered advantageous during the initial phase of introduction. Thereafter, fitness costs to parasites, such as host-specific mortality, can drive parasites towards specialism to avoid costly hosts. It is important to determine changes in host specificity of invasive populations to understand host-parasite dynamics and their effects on vulnerable host populations. We examined changes in mortality in the introduced avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) (Diptera: Muscidae), a generalist myasis-causing ectoparasite, between 2004 and 2020 on Floreana Island (Galápagos). Mortality was measured as the proportion of immature larvae found upon host nest termination. Over the time period, the avian vampire fly was most abundant and had low mortality in nests of the critically endangered medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper) and had the highest mortality in nests of hybrid tree finches (Camarhynchus spp.). Low larval mortality was also found in small tree (Camarhynchus parvulus) and small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa) nests. Selection could favour avian vampire flies that select medium tree finch nests and/or avoid hybrid nests. Overall, the finding of differences in avian vampire fly survival across host species is parsimonious with the idea that the introduced fly may be evolving towards host specialisation.Lauren K. CommonPetra SumasgutnerRachael Y. DudaniecDiane Colombelli-NégrelSonia KleindorferNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lauren K. Common Petra Sumasgutner Rachael Y. Dudaniec Diane Colombelli-Négrel Sonia Kleindorfer Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species
description	Abstract In invasive parasites, generalism is considered advantageous during the initial phase of introduction. Thereafter, fitness costs to parasites, such as host-specific mortality, can drive parasites towards specialism to avoid costly hosts. It is important to determine changes in host specificity of invasive populations to understand host-parasite dynamics and their effects on vulnerable host populations. We examined changes in mortality in the introduced avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) (Diptera: Muscidae), a generalist myasis-causing ectoparasite, between 2004 and 2020 on Floreana Island (Galápagos). Mortality was measured as the proportion of immature larvae found upon host nest termination. Over the time period, the avian vampire fly was most abundant and had low mortality in nests of the critically endangered medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper) and had the highest mortality in nests of hybrid tree finches (Camarhynchus spp.). Low larval mortality was also found in small tree (Camarhynchus parvulus) and small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa) nests. Selection could favour avian vampire flies that select medium tree finch nests and/or avoid hybrid nests. Overall, the finding of differences in avian vampire fly survival across host species is parsimonious with the idea that the introduced fly may be evolving towards host specialisation.
format	article
author	Lauren K. Common Petra Sumasgutner Rachael Y. Dudaniec Diane Colombelli-Négrel Sonia Kleindorfer
author_facet	Lauren K. Common Petra Sumasgutner Rachael Y. Dudaniec Diane Colombelli-Négrel Sonia Kleindorfer
author_sort	Lauren K. Common
title	Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species
title_short	Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species
title_full	Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species
title_fullStr	Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species
title_full_unstemmed	Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species
title_sort	avian vampire fly (philornis downsi) mortality differs across darwin’s finch host species
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c074a63e941949f2a70bf61a3befbeb4
work_keys_str_mv	AT laurenkcommon avianvampireflyphilornisdownsimortalitydiffersacrossdarwinsfinchhostspecies AT petrasumasgutner avianvampireflyphilornisdownsimortalitydiffersacrossdarwinsfinchhostspecies AT rachaelydudaniec avianvampireflyphilornisdownsimortalitydiffersacrossdarwinsfinchhostspecies AT dianecolombellinegrel avianvampireflyphilornisdownsimortalitydiffersacrossdarwinsfinchhostspecies AT soniakleindorfer avianvampireflyphilornisdownsimortalitydiffersacrossdarwinsfinchhostspecies
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Avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi) mortality differs across Darwin’s finch host species

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