Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain

The phenotype of an attenuated live vaccine depends on gene mutation achieved by, for example, many passages in cultured cells. Viral clones with preferable phenotypes are selected and the causative genetic mutation(s) are later identified. LC16m8 is an example of a highly attenuated smallpox vaccin...

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Autores principales:	Akiko Eto, Norio Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Kanatani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	vaccinia virus vaccine LC16m8 immune response humoral immunity interindividual difference Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c076bebff9cb4efaaa2aa2fcdc9bf4c2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c076bebff9cb4efaaa2aa2fcdc9bf4c22021-11-25T16:47:33ZEffect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain10.3390/biology101111582079-7737https://doaj.org/article/c076bebff9cb4efaaa2aa2fcdc9bf4c22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1158https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737The phenotype of an attenuated live vaccine depends on gene mutation achieved by, for example, many passages in cultured cells. Viral clones with preferable phenotypes are selected and the causative genetic mutation(s) are later identified. LC16m8 is an example of a highly attenuated smallpox vaccine that was developed and licensed in Japan in the 1970s. LC16m8 was obtained by the passaging of Lister strain, with indicators of small plaque formation and temperature sensitivity as virus phenotypes. This strain can replicate in mammalian cells and provides robust cellular and humoral immunity, as well as long-term immune memory. Recent studies using proteome-wide antigen arrays have revealed that antibody production against LC16m8 and other VACVs differs largely among individuals. Moreover, associations between SNPs in immune-related genes and immune outcomes have been increasingly found. These results lead to predicting adverse events of a vaccine, which is a purpose of vaccinomics. Studies on VACV will continue to contribute to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions and to development of a vaccine for other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Here, we review studies of VACV, including our recent research on LC16m8, with a focus on the phenotype and genotype, and we discuss future research directions.Akiko EtoNorio YamamotoYasuhiro KanataniMDPI AGarticlevaccinia virusvaccineLC16m8immune responsehumoral immunityinterindividual differenceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1158, p 1158 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	vaccinia virus vaccine LC16m8 immune response humoral immunity interindividual difference Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	vaccinia virus vaccine LC16m8 immune response humoral immunity interindividual difference Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Akiko Eto Norio Yamamoto Yasuhiro Kanatani Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain
description	The phenotype of an attenuated live vaccine depends on gene mutation achieved by, for example, many passages in cultured cells. Viral clones with preferable phenotypes are selected and the causative genetic mutation(s) are later identified. LC16m8 is an example of a highly attenuated smallpox vaccine that was developed and licensed in Japan in the 1970s. LC16m8 was obtained by the passaging of Lister strain, with indicators of small plaque formation and temperature sensitivity as virus phenotypes. This strain can replicate in mammalian cells and provides robust cellular and humoral immunity, as well as long-term immune memory. Recent studies using proteome-wide antigen arrays have revealed that antibody production against LC16m8 and other VACVs differs largely among individuals. Moreover, associations between SNPs in immune-related genes and immune outcomes have been increasingly found. These results lead to predicting adverse events of a vaccine, which is a purpose of vaccinomics. Studies on VACV will continue to contribute to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions and to development of a vaccine for other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Here, we review studies of VACV, including our recent research on LC16m8, with a focus on the phenotype and genotype, and we discuss future research directions.
format	article
author	Akiko Eto Norio Yamamoto Yasuhiro Kanatani
author_facet	Akiko Eto Norio Yamamoto Yasuhiro Kanatani
author_sort	Akiko Eto
title	Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain
title_short	Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain
title_full	Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain
title_fullStr	Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain
title_sort	effect of serial passage on the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus lc16m8 strain
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c076bebff9cb4efaaa2aa2fcdc9bf4c2
work_keys_str_mv	AT akikoeto effectofserialpassageonthepathogenicityandimmunogenicityofvacciniaviruslc16m8strain AT norioyamamoto effectofserialpassageonthepathogenicityandimmunogenicityofvacciniaviruslc16m8strain AT yasuhirokanatani effectofserialpassageonthepathogenicityandimmunogenicityofvacciniaviruslc16m8strain
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Effect of Serial Passage on the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccinia Virus LC16m8 Strain

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