Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.

Triatomine bugs aggregate with conspecifics inside shelters during daylight hours. At dusk, they leave their refuges searching for hosts on which to blood feed. After finding a host, triatomines face the threat of being killed, because hosts often prey on them. As it is known that many parasites ind...

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Autores principales:	Newmar Pinto Marliére, Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo, Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c091b431e9b54610a773944dc085126e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c091b431e9b54610a773944dc085126e2021-12-02T20:23:48ZTrypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009570https://doaj.org/article/c091b431e9b54610a773944dc085126e2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009570https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Triatomine bugs aggregate with conspecifics inside shelters during daylight hours. At dusk, they leave their refuges searching for hosts on which to blood feed. After finding a host, triatomines face the threat of being killed, because hosts often prey on them. As it is known that many parasites induce the predation of intermediate hosts to promote transmission, and that ingestion of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected bugs represents a very effective means for mammal infection, we hypothesized that trypanosomes induce infected bugs to take increased risk, and, as a consequence, be predated when approaching a host. Therefore, we evaluated whether the predation risk and predation rates endured by Rhodnius prolixus increase when infected with T. cruzi. Assays were performed in square glass arenas offering one central refuge to infected and uninfected 5th instar nymphs. A caged mouse was introduced in each arena after a three-day acclimation interval to activate sheltered insects and induce them to approach it. As hypothesized, a significantly higher proportion of infected insects was predated when compared with uninfected ones (36% and 19%, respectively). Indeed, T. cruzi-infected bugs took higher risk (Approximation Index = 0.642) when compared with healthy ones (Approximation Index = 0.302) and remained outside the shelters when the host was removed from the arena. Our results show that infection by T. cruzi induces bugs to assume higher risk and endure higher predation rates. We reveal a hitherto unknown trypanosome-vector interaction process that increases infected bug predation, promoting increased rates of robust oral transmission. The significant consequences of the mechanism revealed here make it a fundamental component for the resilient maintenance of sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic cycles.Newmar Pinto MarliéreMarcelo Gustavo LorenzoAlessandra Aparecida GuarneriPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0009570 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Newmar Pinto Marliére Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.
description	Triatomine bugs aggregate with conspecifics inside shelters during daylight hours. At dusk, they leave their refuges searching for hosts on which to blood feed. After finding a host, triatomines face the threat of being killed, because hosts often prey on them. As it is known that many parasites induce the predation of intermediate hosts to promote transmission, and that ingestion of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected bugs represents a very effective means for mammal infection, we hypothesized that trypanosomes induce infected bugs to take increased risk, and, as a consequence, be predated when approaching a host. Therefore, we evaluated whether the predation risk and predation rates endured by Rhodnius prolixus increase when infected with T. cruzi. Assays were performed in square glass arenas offering one central refuge to infected and uninfected 5th instar nymphs. A caged mouse was introduced in each arena after a three-day acclimation interval to activate sheltered insects and induce them to approach it. As hypothesized, a significantly higher proportion of infected insects was predated when compared with uninfected ones (36% and 19%, respectively). Indeed, T. cruzi-infected bugs took higher risk (Approximation Index = 0.642) when compared with healthy ones (Approximation Index = 0.302) and remained outside the shelters when the host was removed from the arena. Our results show that infection by T. cruzi induces bugs to assume higher risk and endure higher predation rates. We reveal a hitherto unknown trypanosome-vector interaction process that increases infected bug predation, promoting increased rates of robust oral transmission. The significant consequences of the mechanism revealed here make it a fundamental component for the resilient maintenance of sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic cycles.
format	article
author	Newmar Pinto Marliére Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri
author_facet	Newmar Pinto Marliére Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri
author_sort	Newmar Pinto Marliére
title	Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.
title_short	Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.
title_full	Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.
title_fullStr	Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.
title_full_unstemmed	Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.
title_sort	trypanosoma cruzi-infected rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c091b431e9b54610a773944dc085126e
work_keys_str_mv	AT newmarpintomarliere trypanosomacruziinfectedrhodniusprolixusendureincreasedpredationfacilitatingparasitetransmissiontomammalhosts AT marcelogustavolorenzo trypanosomacruziinfectedrhodniusprolixusendureincreasedpredationfacilitatingparasitetransmissiontomammalhosts AT alessandraaparecidaguarneri trypanosomacruziinfectedrhodniusprolixusendureincreasedpredationfacilitatingparasitetransmissiontomammalhosts
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Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Rhodnius prolixus endure increased predation facilitating parasite transmission to mammal hosts.

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