Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.

Since its introduction to the market in the 1970s, the synthetic biocide triclosan has had widespread use in household and medical products. Although decreased triclosan susceptibility has been observed for several bacterial species, when exposed under laboratory settings, no in vivo studies have as...

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Autores principales:	Sissel Skovgaard, Lene Nørby Nielsen, Marianne Halberg Larsen, Robert Leo Skov, Hanne Ingmer, Henrik Westh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c0aac790f9df449aa87b31c3076b39e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c0aac790f9df449aa87b31c3076b39e62021-11-18T07:49:11ZStaphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0062197https://doaj.org/article/c0aac790f9df449aa87b31c3076b39e62013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23614034/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Since its introduction to the market in the 1970s, the synthetic biocide triclosan has had widespread use in household and medical products. Although decreased triclosan susceptibility has been observed for several bacterial species, when exposed under laboratory settings, no in vivo studies have associated triclosan use with decreased triclosan susceptibility or cross-resistance to antibiotics. One major challenge of such studies is the lack of strains that with certainty have not been exposed to triclosan. Here we have overcome this challenge by comparing current isolates of the human opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis with isolates collected in the 1960s prior to introduction of triclosan to the market. Of 64 current S. epidermidis isolates 12.5% were found to have tolerance towards triclosan defined as MIC≥0.25 mg/l compared to none of 34 isolates obtained in the 1960s. When passaged in the laboratory in the presence of triclosan, old and current susceptible isolates could be adapted to the same triclosan MIC level as found in current tolerant isolates. DNA sequence analysis revealed that laboratory-adapted strains carried mutations in fabI encoding the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase isoform, FabI, that is the target of triclosan, and the expression of fabI was also increased. However, the majority of the tolerant current isolates carried no mutations in fabI or the putative promoter region. Thus, this study indicates that the widespread use of triclosan has resulted in the occurrence of S. epidermidis with tolerance towards triclosan and that the adaptation involves FabI as well as other factors. We suggest increased caution in the general application of triclosan as triclosan has not shown efficacy in reducing infections and is toxic to aquatic organisms.Sissel SkovgaardLene Nørby NielsenMarianne Halberg LarsenRobert Leo SkovHanne IngmerHenrik WesthPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e62197 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sissel Skovgaard Lene Nørby Nielsen Marianne Halberg Larsen Robert Leo Skov Hanne Ingmer Henrik Westh Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.
description	Since its introduction to the market in the 1970s, the synthetic biocide triclosan has had widespread use in household and medical products. Although decreased triclosan susceptibility has been observed for several bacterial species, when exposed under laboratory settings, no in vivo studies have associated triclosan use with decreased triclosan susceptibility or cross-resistance to antibiotics. One major challenge of such studies is the lack of strains that with certainty have not been exposed to triclosan. Here we have overcome this challenge by comparing current isolates of the human opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis with isolates collected in the 1960s prior to introduction of triclosan to the market. Of 64 current S. epidermidis isolates 12.5% were found to have tolerance towards triclosan defined as MIC≥0.25 mg/l compared to none of 34 isolates obtained in the 1960s. When passaged in the laboratory in the presence of triclosan, old and current susceptible isolates could be adapted to the same triclosan MIC level as found in current tolerant isolates. DNA sequence analysis revealed that laboratory-adapted strains carried mutations in fabI encoding the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase isoform, FabI, that is the target of triclosan, and the expression of fabI was also increased. However, the majority of the tolerant current isolates carried no mutations in fabI or the putative promoter region. Thus, this study indicates that the widespread use of triclosan has resulted in the occurrence of S. epidermidis with tolerance towards triclosan and that the adaptation involves FabI as well as other factors. We suggest increased caution in the general application of triclosan as triclosan has not shown efficacy in reducing infections and is toxic to aquatic organisms.
format	article
author	Sissel Skovgaard Lene Nørby Nielsen Marianne Halberg Larsen Robert Leo Skov Hanne Ingmer Henrik Westh
author_facet	Sissel Skovgaard Lene Nørby Nielsen Marianne Halberg Larsen Robert Leo Skov Hanne Ingmer Henrik Westh
author_sort	Sissel Skovgaard
title	Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.
title_short	Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.
title_full	Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.
title_fullStr	Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.
title_full_unstemmed	Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.
title_sort	staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/c0aac790f9df449aa87b31c3076b39e6
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Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates.

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