Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy

<i>Crocus sativus</i> is an important crop for the production of saffron and bioactive compounds. Plant endophytic fungi are a source of secondary metabolites additional to those produced by the plant itself. We analysed the biodiversity of endophytic fungi present in corms, stems, leave...

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Autores principales:	Beatrice Belfiori, Andrea Rubini, Claudia Riccioni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Cadophora</i> spp. corm rot dark septate endophytes functional guild internal transcribed spacer <i>Talaromyces</i> spp. Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c0b967433d5e4d5f937fac3ff4194d49
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c0b967433d5e4d5f937fac3ff4194d492021-11-25T17:22:28ZDiversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy10.3390/d131105351424-2818https://doaj.org/article/c0b967433d5e4d5f937fac3ff4194d492021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/11/535https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818<i>Crocus sativus</i> is an important crop for the production of saffron and bioactive compounds. Plant endophytic fungi are a source of secondary metabolites additional to those produced by the plant itself. We analysed the biodiversity of endophytic fungi present in corms, stems, leaves, tepals, and stigmas of <i>C. sativus</i> from ten Italian sites; furthermore, we isolated putative pathogenic fungi from rotten plants. We used an in vitro isolation approach followed by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) region. We obtained 165 strains belonging to 39 OTUs, spreading over 26 genera and 29 species. Dark septate endophytes of the genus <i>Cadophora</i> and the species <i>Talaromyces pinophilus</i> dominated in corms, while <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Epicoccum</i> spp., <i>T. pinophilus</i>, <i>Mucor fragilis</i>, and <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> dominated in other tissues. The most frequently isolated pathogens were <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Rhizopus oryzae</i>. Endophytic communities significantly differed among tissues and life stages, whereas differences among cultivation sites were not statistically supported. Several endophytes were hypothesized to have changing trophic modes and/or to be latent pathogens in <i>C. sativus</i>. All strains were conserved ex-situ for future bioactivity tests and production of metabolites.Beatrice BelfioriAndrea RubiniClaudia RiccioniMDPI AGarticle<i>Cadophora</i> spp.corm rotdark septate endophytesfunctional guildinternal transcribed spacer<i>Talaromyces</i> spp.Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENDiversity, Vol 13, Iss 535, p 535 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Cadophora</i> spp. corm rot dark septate endophytes functional guild internal transcribed spacer <i>Talaromyces</i> spp. Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Cadophora</i> spp. corm rot dark septate endophytes functional guild internal transcribed spacer <i>Talaromyces</i> spp. Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Beatrice Belfiori Andrea Rubini Claudia Riccioni Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy
description	<i>Crocus sativus</i> is an important crop for the production of saffron and bioactive compounds. Plant endophytic fungi are a source of secondary metabolites additional to those produced by the plant itself. We analysed the biodiversity of endophytic fungi present in corms, stems, leaves, tepals, and stigmas of <i>C. sativus</i> from ten Italian sites; furthermore, we isolated putative pathogenic fungi from rotten plants. We used an in vitro isolation approach followed by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) region. We obtained 165 strains belonging to 39 OTUs, spreading over 26 genera and 29 species. Dark septate endophytes of the genus <i>Cadophora</i> and the species <i>Talaromyces pinophilus</i> dominated in corms, while <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Epicoccum</i> spp., <i>T. pinophilus</i>, <i>Mucor fragilis</i>, and <i>Stemphylium vesicarium</i> dominated in other tissues. The most frequently isolated pathogens were <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Rhizopus oryzae</i>. Endophytic communities significantly differed among tissues and life stages, whereas differences among cultivation sites were not statistically supported. Several endophytes were hypothesized to have changing trophic modes and/or to be latent pathogens in <i>C. sativus</i>. All strains were conserved ex-situ for future bioactivity tests and production of metabolites.
format	article
author	Beatrice Belfiori Andrea Rubini Claudia Riccioni
author_facet	Beatrice Belfiori Andrea Rubini Claudia Riccioni
author_sort	Beatrice Belfiori
title	Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy
title_short	Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy
title_full	Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy
title_fullStr	Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy
title_full_unstemmed	Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy
title_sort	diversity of endophytic and pathogenic fungi of saffron (<i>crocus sativus</i>) plants from cultivation sites in italy
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c0b967433d5e4d5f937fac3ff4194d49
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Diversity of Endophytic and Pathogenic Fungi of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) Plants from Cultivation Sites in Italy

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