Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) presents severe risks to human health and environments. The present study proposed a green option to reduce bioavailable Cd. Rice pot experiments were conducted under continuous flooding with three treatments (T1: intercropping azolla with rice; T2: incorporating azolla into so...

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Autores principales:	Chen Liu, Bin Guo, Hua Li, Qinglin Fu, Ningyu Li, Yicheng Lin, Guozhong Xu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c0c1193c98664c6e8ab84c55b8071bc1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c0c1193c98664c6e8ab84c55b8071bc12021-12-02T16:31:11ZAzolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential10.1038/s41598-021-85648-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c0c1193c98664c6e8ab84c55b8071bc12021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85648-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cadmium (Cd) presents severe risks to human health and environments. The present study proposed a green option to reduce bioavailable Cd. Rice pot experiments were conducted under continuous flooding with three treatments (T1: intercropping azolla with rice; T2: incorporating azolla into soil before rice transplantation; CK: no azolla). The results showed that azolla incorporation reduced soluble Cd by 37% compared with the CK treatment, which may be explained by the decreased soil redox potential (Eh) (r = 0.867, P < 0.01). The higher relative abundance of Methylobacter observed in azolla incorporation treatment may account for dissolved organic carbon increase (r = 0.694; P < 0.05), and hence decreased the Cd availability for rice. Azolla incorporation increased the abundance of Nitrospira, indicating the potentially prominent role of nitrogen mineralization in increasing rice yields. Further, lower soluble Cd decreased the expression of OsNramp5, but increased OsHMA3 levels in rice roots, which decreased Cd accumulation in grains. Through these effects, azolla incorporation decreased Cd concentrations in rice grains by 80.3% and increased the production by 13.4%. The negligible amount of Cd absorbed by azolla would not increase the risk of long-term application. Thus, intercropping azolla with early rice and incorporating azolla into soil before late rice transplantation can contribute to safe production at large scales of double rice cultivation.Chen LiuBin GuoHua LiQinglin FuNingyu LiYicheng LinGuozhong XuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Chen Liu Bin Guo Hua Li Qinglin Fu Ningyu Li Yicheng Lin Guozhong Xu Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential
description	Abstract Cadmium (Cd) presents severe risks to human health and environments. The present study proposed a green option to reduce bioavailable Cd. Rice pot experiments were conducted under continuous flooding with three treatments (T1: intercropping azolla with rice; T2: incorporating azolla into soil before rice transplantation; CK: no azolla). The results showed that azolla incorporation reduced soluble Cd by 37% compared with the CK treatment, which may be explained by the decreased soil redox potential (Eh) (r = 0.867, P < 0.01). The higher relative abundance of Methylobacter observed in azolla incorporation treatment may account for dissolved organic carbon increase (r = 0.694; P < 0.05), and hence decreased the Cd availability for rice. Azolla incorporation increased the abundance of Nitrospira, indicating the potentially prominent role of nitrogen mineralization in increasing rice yields. Further, lower soluble Cd decreased the expression of OsNramp5, but increased OsHMA3 levels in rice roots, which decreased Cd accumulation in grains. Through these effects, azolla incorporation decreased Cd concentrations in rice grains by 80.3% and increased the production by 13.4%. The negligible amount of Cd absorbed by azolla would not increase the risk of long-term application. Thus, intercropping azolla with early rice and incorporating azolla into soil before late rice transplantation can contribute to safe production at large scales of double rice cultivation.
format	article
author	Chen Liu Bin Guo Hua Li Qinglin Fu Ningyu Li Yicheng Lin Guozhong Xu
author_facet	Chen Liu Bin Guo Hua Li Qinglin Fu Ningyu Li Yicheng Lin Guozhong Xu
author_sort	Chen Liu
title	Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential
title_short	Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential
title_full	Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential
title_fullStr	Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential
title_full_unstemmed	Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential
title_sort	azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c0c1193c98664c6e8ab84c55b8071bc1
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Azolla incorporation under flooding reduces grain cadmium accumulation by decreasing soil redox potential

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