Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity

Oxidative stress is considered the main cause of cellular damage in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. One suitable ways to prevent cell damage is the use of the exogenous antioxidant capacity of natural products, such as microalgae. In the present study, four microalgae extracts, isolated fro...

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Autores principales:	Saeed Niazi Vahdati, Ali Lashkari, Sepideh Aliniaye Navasatli, Susan Kabudanian Ardestani, Maliheh Safavi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	Neuroprotective Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Microalgae PC12 cell Chlorella sp Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c0c271e463254225b8ec7bb27e1b7bb1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c0c271e463254225b8ec7bb27e1b7bb12021-11-12T04:25:44ZButylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity0753-332210.1016/j.biopha.2021.112415https://doaj.org/article/c0c271e463254225b8ec7bb27e1b7bb12022-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221012014https://doaj.org/toc/0753-3322Oxidative stress is considered the main cause of cellular damage in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. One suitable ways to prevent cell damage is the use of the exogenous antioxidant capacity of natural products, such as microalgae. In the present study, four microalgae extracts, isolated from the Persian Gulf, were screened to analyze their potential antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods. The methanolic extracts (D1M) of green microalgae derived from Chlorella sp. exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity. In order to characterize microalgae species, microscopic observations and analysis of the expression of 18S rRNA were performed. The antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of D1M on H2O2-induced toxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that D1M significantly decreased the release of nitric oxide (NO), formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas it enhanced the content of glutathione (GSH), and activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and catalase (CAT) in PC12 cells exposed to H2O2. The pretreatment of D1M improved cell viability as measured by the MTT assay and invert microscopy, reduced cell apoptosis as examined by flow cytometry analysis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and diminished caspase-3 activity. The GC/MS analysis revealed that D1M ingredients have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol (2,4-DTBP), and phytol. These results suggested that Chlorella sp. extracts have strong potential to be applied as neuroprotective agents, for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.Saeed Niazi VahdatiAli LashkariSepideh Aliniaye NavasatliSusan Kabudanian ArdestaniMaliheh SafaviElsevierarticleNeuroprotectiveAnti-inflammatoryAntioxidantMicroalgaePC12 cellChlorella spTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Vol 145, Iss , Pp 112415- (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neuroprotective Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Microalgae PC12 cell Chlorella sp Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	Neuroprotective Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Microalgae PC12 cell Chlorella sp Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Saeed Niazi Vahdati Ali Lashkari Sepideh Aliniaye Navasatli Susan Kabudanian Ardestani Maliheh Safavi Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity
description	Oxidative stress is considered the main cause of cellular damage in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. One suitable ways to prevent cell damage is the use of the exogenous antioxidant capacity of natural products, such as microalgae. In the present study, four microalgae extracts, isolated from the Persian Gulf, were screened to analyze their potential antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods. The methanolic extracts (D1M) of green microalgae derived from Chlorella sp. exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity. In order to characterize microalgae species, microscopic observations and analysis of the expression of 18S rRNA were performed. The antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of D1M on H2O2-induced toxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that D1M significantly decreased the release of nitric oxide (NO), formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas it enhanced the content of glutathione (GSH), and activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and catalase (CAT) in PC12 cells exposed to H2O2. The pretreatment of D1M improved cell viability as measured by the MTT assay and invert microscopy, reduced cell apoptosis as examined by flow cytometry analysis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and diminished caspase-3 activity. The GC/MS analysis revealed that D1M ingredients have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol (2,4-DTBP), and phytol. These results suggested that Chlorella sp. extracts have strong potential to be applied as neuroprotective agents, for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
format	article
author	Saeed Niazi Vahdati Ali Lashkari Sepideh Aliniaye Navasatli Susan Kabudanian Ardestani Maliheh Safavi
author_facet	Saeed Niazi Vahdati Ali Lashkari Sepideh Aliniaye Navasatli Susan Kabudanian Ardestani Maliheh Safavi
author_sort	Saeed Niazi Vahdati
title	Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity
title_short	Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity
title_full	Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity
title_fullStr	Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity
title_full_unstemmed	Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity
title_sort	butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of chlorella sp. protect the pc12 cell line against h2o2-induced neurotoxicity
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/c0c271e463254225b8ec7bb27e1b7bb1
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Butylated hydroxyl-toluene, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and phytol of Chlorella sp. protect the PC12 cell line against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity

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