Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam

Commercial milk formula for pregnant women (CMF-PW) is an expensive, ultra-processed food with a high concentration of sugar, the consumption of which may be linked to negative health outcomes. However, CMF-PWs are promoted as beneficial for pregnant women and lactating mothers as well as their chil...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Tuan T. Nguyen, Jennifer Cashin, Constance Ching, Phillip Baker, Hoang T. Tran, Amy Weissman, Thao T. Nguyen, Roger Mathisen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	breastfeeding breastmilk substitutes code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes commercial milk formula (CMF) conflict of interest infant Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c0ceafbb29a14e1da50207914e82f905
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:c0ceafbb29a14e1da50207914e82f905
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c0ceafbb29a14e1da50207914e82f9052021-11-25T18:37:05ZBeliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam10.3390/nu131141432072-6643https://doaj.org/article/c0ceafbb29a14e1da50207914e82f9052021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4143https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Commercial milk formula for pregnant women (CMF-PW) is an expensive, ultra-processed food with a high concentration of sugar, the consumption of which may be linked to negative health outcomes. However, CMF-PWs are promoted as beneficial for pregnant women and lactating mothers as well as their children. To date, little is known about the factors associated with the use of CMF-PW among pregnant women. We performed this analysis to examine the association between the use of CMF-PW and related beliefs and norms among pregnant women in Vietnam. We interviewed 268 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters from two provinces and one municipality representing diverse communities in Vietnam. Multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression, structural equation modeling (SEM), and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were used to examine associations between beliefs and social norms related to CMF-PW and reported consumption, characterized as occasional, recent, and never during the current pregnancy. Overall, 64.6% of pregnant women reported using CMF-PW during the current pregnancy and 34.7% consumed CMF-PW on the day prior to the interview. Strong beliefs that CMF-PW will make a child smart and healthy (53.7%) and the perception that use of CMF-PW is common (70.9%) were associated with increased use on the previous day (beliefs: aOR: 3.56; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.65, 7.71; <i>p</i> < 0.01 and social norms aOR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.66; <i>p</i> < 0.05). SEM and PSM analyses confirmed these findings for both occasional and regular CMF-PW use. Results are consistent with observations of CMF-PW product labels and marketing tactics in Vietnam. The prevalent use of CMF-PW in Vietnam is associated with the belief that these products make children smart and healthy and the perceived social norm that most mothers use these products, which mirrors marketing messages and approaches employed by the CMF industry.Tuan T. NguyenJennifer CashinConstance ChingPhillip BakerHoang T. TranAmy WeissmanThao T. NguyenRoger MathisenMDPI AGarticlebreastfeedingbreastmilk substitutescode of marketing of breast-milk substitutescommercial milk formula (CMF)conflict of interestinfantNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 4143, p 4143 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	breastfeeding breastmilk substitutes code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes commercial milk formula (CMF) conflict of interest infant Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	breastfeeding breastmilk substitutes code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes commercial milk formula (CMF) conflict of interest infant Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Tuan T. Nguyen Jennifer Cashin Constance Ching Phillip Baker Hoang T. Tran Amy Weissman Thao T. Nguyen Roger Mathisen Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam
description	Commercial milk formula for pregnant women (CMF-PW) is an expensive, ultra-processed food with a high concentration of sugar, the consumption of which may be linked to negative health outcomes. However, CMF-PWs are promoted as beneficial for pregnant women and lactating mothers as well as their children. To date, little is known about the factors associated with the use of CMF-PW among pregnant women. We performed this analysis to examine the association between the use of CMF-PW and related beliefs and norms among pregnant women in Vietnam. We interviewed 268 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters from two provinces and one municipality representing diverse communities in Vietnam. Multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression, structural equation modeling (SEM), and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were used to examine associations between beliefs and social norms related to CMF-PW and reported consumption, characterized as occasional, recent, and never during the current pregnancy. Overall, 64.6% of pregnant women reported using CMF-PW during the current pregnancy and 34.7% consumed CMF-PW on the day prior to the interview. Strong beliefs that CMF-PW will make a child smart and healthy (53.7%) and the perception that use of CMF-PW is common (70.9%) were associated with increased use on the previous day (beliefs: aOR: 3.56; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.65, 7.71; <i>p</i> < 0.01 and social norms aOR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.66; <i>p</i> < 0.05). SEM and PSM analyses confirmed these findings for both occasional and regular CMF-PW use. Results are consistent with observations of CMF-PW product labels and marketing tactics in Vietnam. The prevalent use of CMF-PW in Vietnam is associated with the belief that these products make children smart and healthy and the perceived social norm that most mothers use these products, which mirrors marketing messages and approaches employed by the CMF industry.
format	article
author	Tuan T. Nguyen Jennifer Cashin Constance Ching Phillip Baker Hoang T. Tran Amy Weissman Thao T. Nguyen Roger Mathisen
author_facet	Tuan T. Nguyen Jennifer Cashin Constance Ching Phillip Baker Hoang T. Tran Amy Weissman Thao T. Nguyen Roger Mathisen
author_sort	Tuan T. Nguyen
title	Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam
title_short	Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam
title_full	Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam
title_fullStr	Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam
title_full_unstemmed	Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam
title_sort	beliefs and norms associated with the use of ultra-processed commercial milk formulas for pregnant women in vietnam
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c0ceafbb29a14e1da50207914e82f905
work_keys_str_mv	AT tuantnguyen beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam AT jennifercashin beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam AT constanceching beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam AT phillipbaker beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam AT hoangttran beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam AT amyweissman beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam AT thaotnguyen beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam AT rogermathisen beliefsandnormsassociatedwiththeuseofultraprocessedcommercialmilkformulasforpregnantwomeninvietnam
_version_	1718410918250938368

Beliefs and Norms Associated with the Use of Ultra-Processed Commercial Milk Formulas for Pregnant Women in Vietnam

Ejemplares similares