Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula

Abstract Textile production is among the most fundamental and more complex technologies in human prehistory, but is under-investigated due to the perishable nature of fibrous materials. Here we report a discovery of five textile fragments from a prehistoric (fourth-third millennium cal BC) burial de...

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Autores principales:	Margarita Gleba, M. Dolores Bretones-García, Corrado Cimarelli, Juan Carlos Vera-Rodríguez, Rafael M. Martínez-Sánchez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c0e43d5fa39749fab381308a47eb9425
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c0e43d5fa39749fab381308a47eb94252021-11-14T12:22:58ZMultidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula10.1038/s41598-021-01349-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c0e43d5fa39749fab381308a47eb94252021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01349-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Textile production is among the most fundamental and more complex technologies in human prehistory, but is under-investigated due to the perishable nature of fibrous materials. Here we report a discovery of five textile fragments from a prehistoric (fourth-third millennium cal BC) burial deposit located in a small cave at Peñacalera in Sierra Morena hills, near Córdoba, Southern Spain. These textiles accompanied a set of human remains as grave goods, together with other organic elements such as fragments of wood and cork, and some pottery vessels. They were characterized and dated using digital microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Two of the fragments described here are the oldest examples of loom-woven textiles in the Iberian Peninsula, dating from the second half of the fourth millennium cal BC. This correlates chronologically with the first appearance of loom weights in the archaeological record of this region. The more recently dated textile is the earliest preserved cloth intentionally coloured with cinnabar in the western Mediterranean. The Peñacalera finds are a key reference for understanding the development of textile technologies during the Neolithic and Copper Age in western Europe and beyond.Margarita GlebaM. Dolores Bretones-GarcíaCorrado CimarelliJuan Carlos Vera-RodríguezRafael M. Martínez-SánchezNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Margarita Gleba M. Dolores Bretones-García Corrado Cimarelli Juan Carlos Vera-Rodríguez Rafael M. Martínez-Sánchez Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula
description	Abstract Textile production is among the most fundamental and more complex technologies in human prehistory, but is under-investigated due to the perishable nature of fibrous materials. Here we report a discovery of five textile fragments from a prehistoric (fourth-third millennium cal BC) burial deposit located in a small cave at Peñacalera in Sierra Morena hills, near Córdoba, Southern Spain. These textiles accompanied a set of human remains as grave goods, together with other organic elements such as fragments of wood and cork, and some pottery vessels. They were characterized and dated using digital microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Two of the fragments described here are the oldest examples of loom-woven textiles in the Iberian Peninsula, dating from the second half of the fourth millennium cal BC. This correlates chronologically with the first appearance of loom weights in the archaeological record of this region. The more recently dated textile is the earliest preserved cloth intentionally coloured with cinnabar in the western Mediterranean. The Peñacalera finds are a key reference for understanding the development of textile technologies during the Neolithic and Copper Age in western Europe and beyond.
format	article
author	Margarita Gleba M. Dolores Bretones-García Corrado Cimarelli Juan Carlos Vera-Rodríguez Rafael M. Martínez-Sánchez
author_facet	Margarita Gleba M. Dolores Bretones-García Corrado Cimarelli Juan Carlos Vera-Rodríguez Rafael M. Martínez-Sánchez
author_sort	Margarita Gleba
title	Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula
title_short	Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula
title_full	Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula
title_fullStr	Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula
title_full_unstemmed	Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula
title_sort	multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in iberian peninsula
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c0e43d5fa39749fab381308a47eb9425
work_keys_str_mv	AT margaritagleba multidisciplinaryinvestigationrevealstheearliesttextilesandcinnabarcolouredclothiniberianpeninsula AT mdoloresbretonesgarcia multidisciplinaryinvestigationrevealstheearliesttextilesandcinnabarcolouredclothiniberianpeninsula AT corradocimarelli multidisciplinaryinvestigationrevealstheearliesttextilesandcinnabarcolouredclothiniberianpeninsula AT juancarlosverarodriguez multidisciplinaryinvestigationrevealstheearliesttextilesandcinnabarcolouredclothiniberianpeninsula AT rafaelmmartinezsanchez multidisciplinaryinvestigationrevealstheearliesttextilesandcinnabarcolouredclothiniberianpeninsula
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Multidisciplinary investigation reveals the earliest textiles and cinnabar-coloured cloth in Iberian Peninsula

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