Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface

Wild animals are considered reservoirs, contributing to the transmission of emerging zoonotic diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). A cross-sectional study was conducted by opportunistic sampling from fresh carcasses of free-ranging wild boar (<i>n</i> = 30), and free-ranging wild macaques...

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Autores principales:	Yusuf Madaki Lekko, Azlan Che-Amat, Peck Toung Ooi, Sharina Omar, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Mazlina Mazlan, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Sabri Jasni, Mohd Firdaus Ariff Abdul-Razak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex polymerase chain reaction post mortem lesion Selangor tuberculosis Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c10d9725d90a48a698891a3b4aa9667a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c10d9725d90a48a698891a3b4aa9667a2021-11-25T16:19:52ZMycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface10.3390/ani111132522076-2615https://doaj.org/article/c10d9725d90a48a698891a3b4aa9667a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3252https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Wild animals are considered reservoirs, contributing to the transmission of emerging zoonotic diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). A cross-sectional study was conducted by opportunistic sampling from fresh carcasses of free-ranging wild boar (<i>n</i> = 30), and free-ranging wild macaques (<i>n</i> = 42). Stained smears from these tissues were tested for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) with Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Mycobacterial culture was conducted using Lowenstein–Jensen media and Middlebrook 7H11 agar media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed through the detection of the 16S rRNA gene, with multiple sets of primers for the detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) and <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC). In wild boars, 30% (9/30; 95% Confidence Interval: 16.7–47.9%) of examined samples showed gross tuberculosis-like lesions (TBLLs). Multiple nodular lesions that were necrotic/miliary with cavitation were found in the submandibular lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs, kidney and liver, while single nodular lesions were found in the mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Conventional PCR on the submandibular lymphoid tissues of wild boar (nine samples with TBLLs and three non-TBLL samples) showed that 75% (9/12) were positive for <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (95% CI: 46.8–91.1), and 91% (CI: 64.6–98.5) were positive for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i>. For macaques, 33.3% (10/30) were positive for <i>M. avium</i> (95% CI: 19.2–51.2) but negative for MTBC.Yusuf Madaki LekkoAzlan Che-AmatPeck Toung OoiSharina OmarSiti Zubaidah RamanoonMazlina MazlanFaez Firdaus Abdullah JesseSabri JasniMohd Firdaus Ariff Abdul-RazakMDPI AGarticle<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complexpolymerase chain reactionpost mortem lesionSelangortuberculosisVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3252, p 3252 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex polymerase chain reaction post mortem lesion Selangor tuberculosis Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex polymerase chain reaction post mortem lesion Selangor tuberculosis Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Yusuf Madaki Lekko Azlan Che-Amat Peck Toung Ooi Sharina Omar Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon Mazlina Mazlan Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse Sabri Jasni Mohd Firdaus Ariff Abdul-Razak Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface
description	Wild animals are considered reservoirs, contributing to the transmission of emerging zoonotic diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). A cross-sectional study was conducted by opportunistic sampling from fresh carcasses of free-ranging wild boar (<i>n</i> = 30), and free-ranging wild macaques (<i>n</i> = 42). Stained smears from these tissues were tested for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) with Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Mycobacterial culture was conducted using Lowenstein–Jensen media and Middlebrook 7H11 agar media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed through the detection of the 16S rRNA gene, with multiple sets of primers for the detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (MTBC) and <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC). In wild boars, 30% (9/30; 95% Confidence Interval: 16.7–47.9%) of examined samples showed gross tuberculosis-like lesions (TBLLs). Multiple nodular lesions that were necrotic/miliary with cavitation were found in the submandibular lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs, kidney and liver, while single nodular lesions were found in the mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Conventional PCR on the submandibular lymphoid tissues of wild boar (nine samples with TBLLs and three non-TBLL samples) showed that 75% (9/12) were positive for <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> (95% CI: 46.8–91.1), and 91% (CI: 64.6–98.5) were positive for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i>. For macaques, 33.3% (10/30) were positive for <i>M. avium</i> (95% CI: 19.2–51.2) but negative for MTBC.
format	article
author	Yusuf Madaki Lekko Azlan Che-Amat Peck Toung Ooi Sharina Omar Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon Mazlina Mazlan Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse Sabri Jasni Mohd Firdaus Ariff Abdul-Razak
author_facet	Yusuf Madaki Lekko Azlan Che-Amat Peck Toung Ooi Sharina Omar Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon Mazlina Mazlan Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse Sabri Jasni Mohd Firdaus Ariff Abdul-Razak
author_sort	Yusuf Madaki Lekko
title	Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface
title_short	Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface
title_full	Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface
title_fullStr	Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface
title_full_unstemmed	Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface
title_sort	mycobacterium tuberculosis and avium complex in-vestigation among malaysian free-ranging wild boar and wild macaques at wildlife-livestock-human in-terface
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c10d9725d90a48a698891a3b4aa9667a
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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Avium Complex In-Vestigation among Malaysian Free-Ranging Wild Boar and Wild Macaques at Wildlife-Livestock-Human In-Terface

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