Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide

Tin tetrachloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) as a coagulant and rubber seed (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was...

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Autores principales:	Siti Fatihah Ramli, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Fatehah Mohd Omar, Mohd Suffian Yusoff, Herni Halim, Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin, Kamar Shah Ariffin, Yung-Tse Hung
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	coagulation flocculation coagulant aid colour chemical oxygen demand solid waste Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c10f1dda0d7f41cb86d5c50fdba7aed7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c10f1dda0d7f41cb86d5c50fdba7aed72021-11-11T19:56:11ZReduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide10.3390/w132130622073-4441https://doaj.org/article/c10f1dda0d7f41cb86d5c50fdba7aed72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3062https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Tin tetrachloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) as a coagulant and rubber seed (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was conducted at different pH values and dosages of coagulant/coagulant aid. When SnCl<sub>4</sub> acted as the primary coagulant, the optimum conditions occurred at pH 8 and 10,000 mg/L dosages, with 97.3% and 81% reductions of colour and COD, respectively. Both RS and PAM were not effective when used alone. When RS was used as the coagulant aid, the dosage of SnCl<sub>4</sub> was reduced to 8000 mg/L. The colour reduction was maintained at 97.6%, but the COD removal dropped to 43.1%. In comparison, when PAM was supplemented into 6000 mg/L SnCl<sub>4</sub>, the reduction in colour was maintained at 97.6%, and the COD removal was almost at par when SnCl<sub>4</sub> was used alone. The addition of polymers as the coagulant aid helped in improving the sludge properties with a better settling rate (SSR) and larger flocs size. The decline of the SVI value indicates that less amount of sludge will be disposed of after the treatment. In addition, the rise of settling velocity (SSR) will reduce the size of the settling tank used in coagulation-flocculation treatment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that incorporation of coagulant aid into the treatment reduced the primary coagulant dosage without affecting the removal performances of pollutants.Siti Fatihah RamliHamidi Abdul AzizFatehah Mohd OmarMohd Suffian YusoffHerni HalimMohamad Anuar KamaruddinKamar Shah AriffinYung-Tse HungMDPI AGarticlecoagulationflocculationcoagulant aidcolourchemical oxygen demandsolid wasteHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3062, p 3062 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	coagulation flocculation coagulant aid colour chemical oxygen demand solid waste Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	coagulation flocculation coagulant aid colour chemical oxygen demand solid waste Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Siti Fatihah Ramli Hamidi Abdul Aziz Fatehah Mohd Omar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin Kamar Shah Ariffin Yung-Tse Hung Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide
description	Tin tetrachloride (SnCl<sub>4</sub>) as a coagulant and rubber seed (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was conducted at different pH values and dosages of coagulant/coagulant aid. When SnCl<sub>4</sub> acted as the primary coagulant, the optimum conditions occurred at pH 8 and 10,000 mg/L dosages, with 97.3% and 81% reductions of colour and COD, respectively. Both RS and PAM were not effective when used alone. When RS was used as the coagulant aid, the dosage of SnCl<sub>4</sub> was reduced to 8000 mg/L. The colour reduction was maintained at 97.6%, but the COD removal dropped to 43.1%. In comparison, when PAM was supplemented into 6000 mg/L SnCl<sub>4</sub>, the reduction in colour was maintained at 97.6%, and the COD removal was almost at par when SnCl<sub>4</sub> was used alone. The addition of polymers as the coagulant aid helped in improving the sludge properties with a better settling rate (SSR) and larger flocs size. The decline of the SVI value indicates that less amount of sludge will be disposed of after the treatment. In addition, the rise of settling velocity (SSR) will reduce the size of the settling tank used in coagulation-flocculation treatment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that incorporation of coagulant aid into the treatment reduced the primary coagulant dosage without affecting the removal performances of pollutants.
format	article
author	Siti Fatihah Ramli Hamidi Abdul Aziz Fatehah Mohd Omar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin Kamar Shah Ariffin Yung-Tse Hung
author_facet	Siti Fatihah Ramli Hamidi Abdul Aziz Fatehah Mohd Omar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin Kamar Shah Ariffin Yung-Tse Hung
author_sort	Siti Fatihah Ramli
title	Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide
title_short	Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide
title_full	Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide
title_fullStr	Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide
title_full_unstemmed	Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide
title_sort	reduction of cod and highly coloured mature landfill leachate by tin tetrachloride with rubber seed and polyacrylamide
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c10f1dda0d7f41cb86d5c50fdba7aed7
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Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide

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