Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction

Yard waste or green waste is an abundant yet underutilized source of biomass around the world. Yard waste is rich in complex organic compounds, which is beneficial when used as feedstock for chemicals production, but undesirable components within the biomass are detrimental to the quality of the pro...

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Autores principales:	Rahul Jaideep, Wen Hwan Lo, Gaik Pheng Lim, Chong Xin Chua, Suyin Gan, Lai Yee Lee, Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2021
Materias:	Carbondioxide torrefaction Dry torrefaction Energy yield Flue gas torrefaction Yard waste Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Energy conservation TJ163.26-163.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c128fda40057473db9d41137b36a923e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c128fda40057473db9d41137b36a923e2021-11-30T04:16:57ZEnhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction2589-299110.1016/j.mset.2021.04.001https://doaj.org/article/c128fda40057473db9d41137b36a923e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589299121000148https://doaj.org/toc/2589-2991Yard waste or green waste is an abundant yet underutilized source of biomass around the world. Yard waste is rich in complex organic compounds, which is beneficial when used as feedstock for chemicals production, but undesirable components within the biomass are detrimental to the quality of the products. In this work, the prospect of yard waste upgrading as a solid fuel source by dry torrefaction (DT) was studied. Dry torrefaction of yard waste was conducted at 170 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C under N2, CO2, and flue gas (25:75 vol% mixture of CO2:N2) atmosphere in a tubular reactor. As temperature was increased, the mass yield of the torrefied yard waste decreased while the HHV increased. The mass yields obtained were in the order of nitrogen < carbon dioxide < flue gas. HHV was in the order of flue gas < nitrogen < carbon dioxide. Overall, carbon dioxide was shown to be the best carrier gas for energy intensification, where HHV was enhanced from 15.6 to 22.2 MJ/kg at 300 °C, with an energy yield of 98.1%. Flue gas showed no visible improvement in properties up to temperatures of 250 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlighted that within the given temperature range, hemicellulose was completely degraded as temperature approach 300 °C, while cellulose was partially degraded. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) emphasised that flue gas was unable to degrade various functional groups to the same degree as the other gases. Field Emission scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (FESEM-EDX) revealed that flue gas was unable to degrade the biomass as much as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.Rahul JaideepWen Hwan LoGaik Pheng LimChong Xin ChuaSuyin GanLai Yee LeeSuchithra Thangalazhy-GopakumarKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.articleCarbondioxide torrefactionDry torrefactionEnergy yieldFlue gas torrefactionYard wasteMaterials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materialsTA401-492Energy conservationTJ163.26-163.5ENMaterials Science for Energy Technologies, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 156-165 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Carbondioxide torrefaction Dry torrefaction Energy yield Flue gas torrefaction Yard waste Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Energy conservation TJ163.26-163.5
spellingShingle	Carbondioxide torrefaction Dry torrefaction Energy yield Flue gas torrefaction Yard waste Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Energy conservation TJ163.26-163.5 Rahul Jaideep Wen Hwan Lo Gaik Pheng Lim Chong Xin Chua Suyin Gan Lai Yee Lee Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction
description	Yard waste or green waste is an abundant yet underutilized source of biomass around the world. Yard waste is rich in complex organic compounds, which is beneficial when used as feedstock for chemicals production, but undesirable components within the biomass are detrimental to the quality of the products. In this work, the prospect of yard waste upgrading as a solid fuel source by dry torrefaction (DT) was studied. Dry torrefaction of yard waste was conducted at 170 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C under N2, CO2, and flue gas (25:75 vol% mixture of CO2:N2) atmosphere in a tubular reactor. As temperature was increased, the mass yield of the torrefied yard waste decreased while the HHV increased. The mass yields obtained were in the order of nitrogen < carbon dioxide < flue gas. HHV was in the order of flue gas < nitrogen < carbon dioxide. Overall, carbon dioxide was shown to be the best carrier gas for energy intensification, where HHV was enhanced from 15.6 to 22.2 MJ/kg at 300 °C, with an energy yield of 98.1%. Flue gas showed no visible improvement in properties up to temperatures of 250 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlighted that within the given temperature range, hemicellulose was completely degraded as temperature approach 300 °C, while cellulose was partially degraded. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) emphasised that flue gas was unable to degrade various functional groups to the same degree as the other gases. Field Emission scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (FESEM-EDX) revealed that flue gas was unable to degrade the biomass as much as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
format	article
author	Rahul Jaideep Wen Hwan Lo Gaik Pheng Lim Chong Xin Chua Suyin Gan Lai Yee Lee Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
author_facet	Rahul Jaideep Wen Hwan Lo Gaik Pheng Lim Chong Xin Chua Suyin Gan Lai Yee Lee Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
author_sort	Rahul Jaideep
title	Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction
title_short	Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction
title_full	Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction
title_fullStr	Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction
title_full_unstemmed	Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction
title_sort	enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction
publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c128fda40057473db9d41137b36a923e
work_keys_str_mv	AT rahuljaideep enhancementoffuelpropertiesofyardwastethroughdrytorrefaction AT wenhwanlo enhancementoffuelpropertiesofyardwastethroughdrytorrefaction AT gaikphenglim enhancementoffuelpropertiesofyardwastethroughdrytorrefaction AT chongxinchua enhancementoffuelpropertiesofyardwastethroughdrytorrefaction AT suyingan enhancementoffuelpropertiesofyardwastethroughdrytorrefaction AT laiyeelee enhancementoffuelpropertiesofyardwastethroughdrytorrefaction AT suchithrathangalazhygopakumar enhancementoffuelpropertiesofyardwastethroughdrytorrefaction
_version_	1718406829635010560

Enhancement of fuel properties of yard waste through dry torrefaction

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