Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.

<h4>Background</h4>The study of the signal-receiver relationship between flowering plants and pollinators requires a capacity to accurately map both the spectral and spatial components of a signal in relation to the perceptual abilities of potential pollinators. Spectrophotometers can ty...

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Autores principales:	Jair E Garcia, Andrew D Greentree, Mani Shrestha, Alan Dorin, Adrian G Dyer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c1360bd9af404d11879fdcaef1664dbb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c1360bd9af404d11879fdcaef1664dbb2021-11-18T08:19:23ZFlower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0096646https://doaj.org/article/c1360bd9af404d11879fdcaef1664dbb2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24827828/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The study of the signal-receiver relationship between flowering plants and pollinators requires a capacity to accurately map both the spectral and spatial components of a signal in relation to the perceptual abilities of potential pollinators. Spectrophotometers can typically recover high resolution spectral data, but the spatial component is difficult to record simultaneously. A technique allowing for an accurate measurement of the spatial component in addition to the spectral factor of the signal is highly desirable.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Consumer-level digital cameras potentially provide access to both colour and spatial information, but they are constrained by their non-linear response. We present a robust methodology for recovering linear values from two different camera models: one sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and another to visible wavelengths. We test responses by imaging eight different plant species varying in shape, size and in the amount of energy reflected across the UV and visible regions of the spectrum, and compare the recovery of spectral data to spectrophotometer measurements. There is often a good agreement of spectral data, although when the pattern on a flower surface is complex a spectrophotometer may underestimate the variability of the signal as would be viewed by an animal visual system.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Digital imaging presents a significant new opportunity to reliably map flower colours to understand the complexity of these signals as perceived by potential pollinators. Compared to spectrophotometer measurements, digital images can better represent the spatio-chromatic signal variability that would likely be perceived by the visual system of an animal, and should expand the possibilities for data collection in complex, natural conditions. However, and in spite of its advantages, the accuracy of the spectral information recovered from camera responses is subject to variations in the uncertainty levels, with larger uncertainties associated with low radiance levels.Jair E GarciaAndrew D GreentreeMani ShresthaAlan DorinAdrian G DyerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e96646 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jair E Garcia Andrew D Greentree Mani Shrestha Alan Dorin Adrian G Dyer Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The study of the signal-receiver relationship between flowering plants and pollinators requires a capacity to accurately map both the spectral and spatial components of a signal in relation to the perceptual abilities of potential pollinators. Spectrophotometers can typically recover high resolution spectral data, but the spatial component is difficult to record simultaneously. A technique allowing for an accurate measurement of the spatial component in addition to the spectral factor of the signal is highly desirable.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Consumer-level digital cameras potentially provide access to both colour and spatial information, but they are constrained by their non-linear response. We present a robust methodology for recovering linear values from two different camera models: one sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and another to visible wavelengths. We test responses by imaging eight different plant species varying in shape, size and in the amount of energy reflected across the UV and visible regions of the spectrum, and compare the recovery of spectral data to spectrophotometer measurements. There is often a good agreement of spectral data, although when the pattern on a flower surface is complex a spectrophotometer may underestimate the variability of the signal as would be viewed by an animal visual system.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Digital imaging presents a significant new opportunity to reliably map flower colours to understand the complexity of these signals as perceived by potential pollinators. Compared to spectrophotometer measurements, digital images can better represent the spatio-chromatic signal variability that would likely be perceived by the visual system of an animal, and should expand the possibilities for data collection in complex, natural conditions. However, and in spite of its advantages, the accuracy of the spectral information recovered from camera responses is subject to variations in the uncertainty levels, with larger uncertainties associated with low radiance levels.
format	article
author	Jair E Garcia Andrew D Greentree Mani Shrestha Alan Dorin Adrian G Dyer
author_facet	Jair E Garcia Andrew D Greentree Mani Shrestha Alan Dorin Adrian G Dyer
author_sort	Jair E Garcia
title	Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.
title_short	Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.
title_full	Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.
title_fullStr	Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.
title_full_unstemmed	Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.
title_sort	flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/c1360bd9af404d11879fdcaef1664dbb
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Flower colours through the lens: quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography.

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