Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning

Abstract The shell morphologies of the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (federally endangered) and Pleurobema oviforme (species of concern) are similar, causing considerable taxonomic confusion between the two species over the last 100 years. While P. clava was historically widespread thro...

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Autores principales:	Cheryl L. Morrison, Nathan A. Johnson, Jess W. Jones, Michael S. Eackles, Aaron W. Aunins, Daniel B. Fitzgerald, Eric M. Hallerman, Tim L. King
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	COI cryptic biodiversity endangered species microsatellite DNA mitochondrial DNA morphometrics Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c14f75a7a73c46b58164fb9db9179389
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c14f75a7a73c46b58164fb9db91793892021-11-08T17:10:41ZGenetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning2045-775810.1002/ece3.8219https://doaj.org/article/c14f75a7a73c46b58164fb9db91793892021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8219https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract The shell morphologies of the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (federally endangered) and Pleurobema oviforme (species of concern) are similar, causing considerable taxonomic confusion between the two species over the last 100 years. While P. clava was historically widespread throughout the Ohio River basin and tributaries to the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, P. oviforme was confined to the Tennessee and the upper Cumberland River basins. We used two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, 13 novel nuclear DNA microsatellite markers, and shell morphometrics to help resolve this taxonomic confusion. Evidence for a single species was apparent in phylogenetic analyses of each mtDNA gene, revealing monophyletic relationships with minimal differentiation and shared haplotypes. Analyses of microsatellites showed significant genetic structuring, with four main genetic clusters detected, respectively, in the upper Ohio River basin, the lower Ohio River and Great Lakes, and upper Tennessee River basin, and a fourth genetic cluster, which included geographically intermediate populations in the Ohio and Tennessee river basins. While principal components analysis (PCA) of morphometric variables (i.e., length, height, width, and weight) showed significant differences in shell shape, only 3% of the variance in shell shape was explained by nominal species. Using Linear Discriminant and Random Forest (RF) analyses, correct classification rates for the two species' shell forms were 65.5% and 83.2%, respectively. Random Forest classification rates for some populations were higher; for example, for North Fork Holston (HOLS), it was >90%. While nuclear DNA and shell morphology indicate that the HOLS population is strongly differentiated, perhaps indicative of cryptic biodiversity, we consider the presence of a single widespread species the most likely biological scenario for many of the investigated populations based on our mtDNA dataset. However, additional sampling of P. oviforme populations at nuclear loci is needed to corroborate this finding.Cheryl L. MorrisonNathan A. JohnsonJess W. JonesMichael S. EacklesAaron W. AuninsDaniel B. FitzgeraldEric M. HallermanTim L. KingWileyarticleCOIcryptic biodiversityendangered speciesmicrosatellite DNAmitochondrial DNAmorphometricsEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 15325-15350 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COI cryptic biodiversity endangered species microsatellite DNA mitochondrial DNA morphometrics Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	COI cryptic biodiversity endangered species microsatellite DNA mitochondrial DNA morphometrics Ecology QH540-549.5 Cheryl L. Morrison Nathan A. Johnson Jess W. Jones Michael S. Eackles Aaron W. Aunins Daniel B. Fitzgerald Eric M. Hallerman Tim L. King Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
description	Abstract The shell morphologies of the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (federally endangered) and Pleurobema oviforme (species of concern) are similar, causing considerable taxonomic confusion between the two species over the last 100 years. While P. clava was historically widespread throughout the Ohio River basin and tributaries to the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, P. oviforme was confined to the Tennessee and the upper Cumberland River basins. We used two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, 13 novel nuclear DNA microsatellite markers, and shell morphometrics to help resolve this taxonomic confusion. Evidence for a single species was apparent in phylogenetic analyses of each mtDNA gene, revealing monophyletic relationships with minimal differentiation and shared haplotypes. Analyses of microsatellites showed significant genetic structuring, with four main genetic clusters detected, respectively, in the upper Ohio River basin, the lower Ohio River and Great Lakes, and upper Tennessee River basin, and a fourth genetic cluster, which included geographically intermediate populations in the Ohio and Tennessee river basins. While principal components analysis (PCA) of morphometric variables (i.e., length, height, width, and weight) showed significant differences in shell shape, only 3% of the variance in shell shape was explained by nominal species. Using Linear Discriminant and Random Forest (RF) analyses, correct classification rates for the two species' shell forms were 65.5% and 83.2%, respectively. Random Forest classification rates for some populations were higher; for example, for North Fork Holston (HOLS), it was >90%. While nuclear DNA and shell morphology indicate that the HOLS population is strongly differentiated, perhaps indicative of cryptic biodiversity, we consider the presence of a single widespread species the most likely biological scenario for many of the investigated populations based on our mtDNA dataset. However, additional sampling of P. oviforme populations at nuclear loci is needed to corroborate this finding.
format	article
author	Cheryl L. Morrison Nathan A. Johnson Jess W. Jones Michael S. Eackles Aaron W. Aunins Daniel B. Fitzgerald Eric M. Hallerman Tim L. King
author_facet	Cheryl L. Morrison Nathan A. Johnson Jess W. Jones Michael S. Eackles Aaron W. Aunins Daniel B. Fitzgerald Eric M. Hallerman Tim L. King
author_sort	Cheryl L. Morrison
title	Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
title_short	Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
title_full	Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
title_fullStr	Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
title_sort	genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (pleurobema clava and pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c14f75a7a73c46b58164fb9db9179389
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Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning

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