Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow

Abstract We present a numerical model to simulate the growth and deformation of a viscoelastic biofilm in shear flow under different nutrient conditions. The mechanical interaction between the biofilm and the fluid is computed using the Immersed Boundary Method with viscoelastic parameters determine...

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Autores principales:	Hoa Nguyen, Abraham Ybarra, Hakan Başağaoğlu, Orrin Shindell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c1680ef12394446bb0f73247acfa2331
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c1680ef12394446bb0f73247acfa23312021-12-02T19:06:33ZBiofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow10.1038/s41598-021-95542-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c1680ef12394446bb0f73247acfa23312021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95542-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We present a numerical model to simulate the growth and deformation of a viscoelastic biofilm in shear flow under different nutrient conditions. The mechanical interaction between the biofilm and the fluid is computed using the Immersed Boundary Method with viscoelastic parameters determined a priori from measurements reported in the literature. Biofilm growth occurs at the biofilm-fluid interface by a stochastic rule that depends on the local nutrient concentration. We compare the growth, migration, and morphology of viscoelastic biofilms with a common relaxation time of 18 min over the range of elastic moduli 10–1000 Pa in different nearby nutrient source configurations. Simulations with shear flow and an upstream or a downstream nutrient source indicate that soft biofilms grow more if nutrients are downstream and stiff biofilms grow more if nutrients are upstream. Also, soft biofilms migrate faster than stiff biofilms toward a downstream nutrient source, and although stiff biofilms migrate toward an upstream nutrient source, soft biofilms do not. Simulations without nutrients show that on the time scale of several hours, soft biofilms develop irregular structures at the biofilm-fluid interface, but stiff biofilms deform little. Our results agree with the biophysical principle that biofilms can adapt to their mechanical and chemical environment by modulating their viscoelastic properties. We also compare the behavior of a purely elastic biofilm to a viscoelastic biofilm with the same elastic modulus of 50 Pa. We find that the elastic biofilm underestimates growth rates and downstream migration rates if the nutrient source is downstream, and it overestimates growth rates and upstream migration rates if the nutrient source is upstream. Future modeling can use our comparison to identify errors that can occur by simulating biofilms as purely elastic structures.Hoa NguyenAbraham YbarraHakan BaşağaoğluOrrin ShindellNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hoa Nguyen Abraham Ybarra Hakan Başağaoğlu Orrin Shindell Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
description	Abstract We present a numerical model to simulate the growth and deformation of a viscoelastic biofilm in shear flow under different nutrient conditions. The mechanical interaction between the biofilm and the fluid is computed using the Immersed Boundary Method with viscoelastic parameters determined a priori from measurements reported in the literature. Biofilm growth occurs at the biofilm-fluid interface by a stochastic rule that depends on the local nutrient concentration. We compare the growth, migration, and morphology of viscoelastic biofilms with a common relaxation time of 18 min over the range of elastic moduli 10–1000 Pa in different nearby nutrient source configurations. Simulations with shear flow and an upstream or a downstream nutrient source indicate that soft biofilms grow more if nutrients are downstream and stiff biofilms grow more if nutrients are upstream. Also, soft biofilms migrate faster than stiff biofilms toward a downstream nutrient source, and although stiff biofilms migrate toward an upstream nutrient source, soft biofilms do not. Simulations without nutrients show that on the time scale of several hours, soft biofilms develop irregular structures at the biofilm-fluid interface, but stiff biofilms deform little. Our results agree with the biophysical principle that biofilms can adapt to their mechanical and chemical environment by modulating their viscoelastic properties. We also compare the behavior of a purely elastic biofilm to a viscoelastic biofilm with the same elastic modulus of 50 Pa. We find that the elastic biofilm underestimates growth rates and downstream migration rates if the nutrient source is downstream, and it overestimates growth rates and upstream migration rates if the nutrient source is upstream. Future modeling can use our comparison to identify errors that can occur by simulating biofilms as purely elastic structures.
format	article
author	Hoa Nguyen Abraham Ybarra Hakan Başağaoğlu Orrin Shindell
author_facet	Hoa Nguyen Abraham Ybarra Hakan Başağaoğlu Orrin Shindell
author_sort	Hoa Nguyen
title	Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
title_short	Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
title_full	Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
title_fullStr	Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
title_full_unstemmed	Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
title_sort	biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c1680ef12394446bb0f73247acfa2331
work_keys_str_mv	AT hoanguyen biofilmviscoelasticityandnutrientsourcelocationcontrolbiofilmgrowthratemigrationrateandmorphologyinshearflow AT abrahamybarra biofilmviscoelasticityandnutrientsourcelocationcontrolbiofilmgrowthratemigrationrateandmorphologyinshearflow AT hakanbasagaoglu biofilmviscoelasticityandnutrientsourcelocationcontrolbiofilmgrowthratemigrationrateandmorphologyinshearflow AT orrinshindell biofilmviscoelasticityandnutrientsourcelocationcontrolbiofilmgrowthratemigrationrateandmorphologyinshearflow
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Biofilm viscoelasticity and nutrient source location control biofilm growth rate, migration rate, and morphology in shear flow

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