The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress

Willie Mark Uren Daniels1, Joachim de Klerk Uys1, Petra van Vuuren1, Daniel Joseph Stein21Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaAbstract: The pr...

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Autores principales:	Willie Mark Uren Daniels, Joachim de Klerk Uys, Petra van Vuuren, Daniel Joseph Stein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2008
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c168e4e5553a4994b640647ba430d24b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c168e4e5553a4994b640647ba430d24b2021-12-02T06:18:55ZThe development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress1176-63281178-2021https://doaj.org/article/c168e4e5553a4994b640647ba430d24b2008-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/the-development-of-behavioral-and-endocrine-abnormalities-in-rats-afte-a1029https://doaj.org/toc/1176-6328https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Willie Mark Uren Daniels1, Joachim de Klerk Uys1, Petra van Vuuren1, Daniel Joseph Stein21Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaAbstract: The present study compared the effects of direct and indirect stress on the behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of rats. Animals were placed in a two compartment box. In one compartment the direct stressed rat was subjected to electric foot shocks randomly applied for 10 minutes (0.5 mA of 1 s duration). In the adjacent compartment, the indirect stressed rats witnessed the application of these electric foot shocks. Our data showed substantial behavioral changes in the open field test, but limited effects in the elevated plus maze. The findings suggested that single and repeated stress exposure may have different consequences, that the effects of stress exposure may develop over time and persist for an extended period, and that both direct and indirect stressed rats displayed a hyposensitive HPA axis following acute restraint stress. Overall our observations moderately indicate direct exposure to elicit behavioral changes, and both direct and indirect exposure to stress to result in aberrations within the neuroendocrine system. With additional development our stress models may be considered for studying the complex interrelationship between an external stressor, and the experience of the organism.Keywords: direct vs indirect stress, behavior, open field, elevated plus maze, HPA axis, stress response Willie Mark Uren DanielsJoachim de Klerk UysPetra van VuurenDaniel Joseph SteinDove Medical PressarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol 2008, Iss Issue 2, Pp 451-464 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Willie Mark Uren Daniels Joachim de Klerk Uys Petra van Vuuren Daniel Joseph Stein The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress
description	Willie Mark Uren Daniels1, Joachim de Klerk Uys1, Petra van Vuuren1, Daniel Joseph Stein21Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South AfricaAbstract: The present study compared the effects of direct and indirect stress on the behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of rats. Animals were placed in a two compartment box. In one compartment the direct stressed rat was subjected to electric foot shocks randomly applied for 10 minutes (0.5 mA of 1 s duration). In the adjacent compartment, the indirect stressed rats witnessed the application of these electric foot shocks. Our data showed substantial behavioral changes in the open field test, but limited effects in the elevated plus maze. The findings suggested that single and repeated stress exposure may have different consequences, that the effects of stress exposure may develop over time and persist for an extended period, and that both direct and indirect stressed rats displayed a hyposensitive HPA axis following acute restraint stress. Overall our observations moderately indicate direct exposure to elicit behavioral changes, and both direct and indirect exposure to stress to result in aberrations within the neuroendocrine system. With additional development our stress models may be considered for studying the complex interrelationship between an external stressor, and the experience of the organism.Keywords: direct vs indirect stress, behavior, open field, elevated plus maze, HPA axis, stress response
format	article
author	Willie Mark Uren Daniels Joachim de Klerk Uys Petra van Vuuren Daniel Joseph Stein
author_facet	Willie Mark Uren Daniels Joachim de Klerk Uys Petra van Vuuren Daniel Joseph Stein
author_sort	Willie Mark Uren Daniels
title	The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress
title_short	The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress
title_full	The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress
title_fullStr	The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress
title_full_unstemmed	The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress
title_sort	development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/c168e4e5553a4994b640647ba430d24b
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The development of behavioral and endocrine abnormalities in rats after repeated exposure to direct and indirect stress

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