Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for mal...

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Autores principales:	Pamela Villavicencio, Cristina Bravo, Antoni Ibarz, Silvia Solé
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	stress cortisol saliva anxiety rock climbers Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c186482da8f34122b491b77350c1d94c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c186482da8f34122b491b77350c1d94c2021-11-11T17:38:30ZEffects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers10.3390/jcm102150132077-0383https://doaj.org/article/c186482da8f34122b491b77350c1d94c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/5013https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD). Results: Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males. Conclusions: There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations.Pamela VillavicencioCristina BravoAntoni IbarzSilvia SoléMDPI AGarticlestresscortisolsalivaanxietyrock climbersMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5013, p 5013 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stress cortisol saliva anxiety rock climbers Medicine R
spellingShingle	stress cortisol saliva anxiety rock climbers Medicine R Pamela Villavicencio Cristina Bravo Antoni Ibarz Silvia Solé Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
description	Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. Methods: 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD). Results: Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males. Conclusions: There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations.
format	article
author	Pamela Villavicencio Cristina Bravo Antoni Ibarz Silvia Solé
author_facet	Pamela Villavicencio Cristina Bravo Antoni Ibarz Silvia Solé
author_sort	Pamela Villavicencio
title	Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_short	Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_full	Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_fullStr	Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers
title_sort	effects of acute psychological and physiological stress on rock climbers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c186482da8f34122b491b77350c1d94c
work_keys_str_mv	AT pamelavillavicencio effectsofacutepsychologicalandphysiologicalstressonrockclimbers AT cristinabravo effectsofacutepsychologicalandphysiologicalstressonrockclimbers AT antoniibarz effectsofacutepsychologicalandphysiologicalstressonrockclimbers AT silviasole effectsofacutepsychologicalandphysiologicalstressonrockclimbers
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Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers

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