New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are receptors that act in co-stimulatory and coinhibitory immune responses. Signaling the PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 pathway is essential to regulate the inflammatory responses to infections, autoimmunity, and allergies, and it has been extensi...

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Autores principales:	Miguel Angel Galván Morales, Josaphat Miguel Montero-Vargas, Juan Carlos Vizuet-de-Rueda, Luis M Teran
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	allergy PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L2 asthma BTLA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c19621b9767c4f27aa94984c50df9123
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c19621b9767c4f27aa94984c50df91232021-11-11T17:18:53ZNew Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease10.3390/ijms2221118981422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/c19621b9767c4f27aa94984c50df91232021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11898https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are receptors that act in co-stimulatory and coinhibitory immune responses. Signaling the PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 pathway is essential to regulate the inflammatory responses to infections, autoimmunity, and allergies, and it has been extensively studied in cancer. Allergic diseases include asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis. These overactive immune responses involve IgE-dependent activation and increased CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown that PD-L1 and PD-L2 act to regulate T-cell activation and function. However, the main role of PD-1 and its ligands is to balance the immune response; however, the inflammatory process of allergic diseases is poorly understood. These immune checkpoint molecules can function as a brake or a kick-start to regulate the adaptive immune response. These findings suggest that PD-1 and its ligands may be a key factor in studying the exaggerated response in hypersensitivity reactions in allergies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 and PD-L2 pathway regulation in allergic diseases and how this immunomodulatory pathway is currently being targeted to develop novel therapeutic immunotherapy.Miguel Angel Galván MoralesJosaphat Miguel Montero-VargasJuan Carlos Vizuet-de-RuedaLuis M TeranMDPI AGarticleallergyPD-1PD-L1PD-L2asthmaBTLABiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11898, p 11898 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	allergy PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L2 asthma BTLA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	allergy PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L2 asthma BTLA Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Miguel Angel Galván Morales Josaphat Miguel Montero-Vargas Juan Carlos Vizuet-de-Rueda Luis M Teran New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease
description	Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are receptors that act in co-stimulatory and coinhibitory immune responses. Signaling the PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 pathway is essential to regulate the inflammatory responses to infections, autoimmunity, and allergies, and it has been extensively studied in cancer. Allergic diseases include asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis. These overactive immune responses involve IgE-dependent activation and increased CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown that PD-L1 and PD-L2 act to regulate T-cell activation and function. However, the main role of PD-1 and its ligands is to balance the immune response; however, the inflammatory process of allergic diseases is poorly understood. These immune checkpoint molecules can function as a brake or a kick-start to regulate the adaptive immune response. These findings suggest that PD-1 and its ligands may be a key factor in studying the exaggerated response in hypersensitivity reactions in allergies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 and PD-L2 pathway regulation in allergic diseases and how this immunomodulatory pathway is currently being targeted to develop novel therapeutic immunotherapy.
format	article
author	Miguel Angel Galván Morales Josaphat Miguel Montero-Vargas Juan Carlos Vizuet-de-Rueda Luis M Teran
author_facet	Miguel Angel Galván Morales Josaphat Miguel Montero-Vargas Juan Carlos Vizuet-de-Rueda Luis M Teran
author_sort	Miguel Angel Galván Morales
title	New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease
title_short	New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease
title_full	New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease
title_fullStr	New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease
title_full_unstemmed	New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease
title_sort	new insights into the role of pd-1 and its ligands in allergic disease
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c19621b9767c4f27aa94984c50df9123
work_keys_str_mv	AT miguelangelgalvanmorales newinsightsintotheroleofpd1anditsligandsinallergicdisease AT josaphatmiguelmonterovargas newinsightsintotheroleofpd1anditsligandsinallergicdisease AT juancarlosvizuetderueda newinsightsintotheroleofpd1anditsligandsinallergicdisease AT luismteran newinsightsintotheroleofpd1anditsligandsinallergicdisease
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New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease

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