Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany.
This study aimed to identify the causative agent of mass mortality in wild and captive birds in southwest Germany and to gather insights into the phylogenetic relationship and spatial distribution of the pathogen. Since June 2011, 223 dead birds were collected and tested for the presence of viral pa...
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2012
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oai:doaj.org-article:c1f917c936984b16af91e673193f59952021-11-18T07:26:31ZEpizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0032604https://doaj.org/article/c1f917c936984b16af91e673193f59952012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22389712/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203This study aimed to identify the causative agent of mass mortality in wild and captive birds in southwest Germany and to gather insights into the phylogenetic relationship and spatial distribution of the pathogen. Since June 2011, 223 dead birds were collected and tested for the presence of viral pathogens. Usutu virus (USUV) RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 86 birds representing 6 species. The virus was isolated in cell culture from the heart of 18 Blackbirds (Turdus merula). USUV-specific antigen was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in brain, heart, liver, and lung of infected Blackbirds. The complete polyprotein coding sequence was obtained by deep sequencing of liver and spleen samples of a dead Blackbird from Mannheim (BH65/11-02-03). Phylogenetic analysis of the German USUV strain BH65/11-02-03 revealed a close relationship with strain Vienna that caused mass mortality among birds in Austria in 2001. Wild birds from lowland river valleys in southwest Germany were mainly affected by USUV, but also birds kept in aviaries. Our data suggest that after the initial detection of USUV in German mosquitoes in 2010, the virus spread in 2011 and caused epizootics among wild and captive birds in southwest Germany. The data also indicate an increased risk of USUV infections in humans in Germany.Norbert BeckerHanna JöstUte ZieglerMartin EidenDirk HöperPetra EmmerichElisabeth Fichet-CalvetDeborah U EhichioyaChristina CzajkaMartin GabrielBernd HoffmannMartin BeerKlara Tenner-RaczPaul RaczStephan GüntherMichael WinkStefan BoschArmin KonradMartin PfefferMartin H GroschupJonas Schmidt-ChanasitPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e32604 (2012) |
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| topic |
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Medicine R Science Q Norbert Becker Hanna Jöst Ute Ziegler Martin Eiden Dirk Höper Petra Emmerich Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet Deborah U Ehichioya Christina Czajka Martin Gabriel Bernd Hoffmann Martin Beer Klara Tenner-Racz Paul Racz Stephan Günther Michael Wink Stefan Bosch Armin Konrad Martin Pfeffer Martin H Groschup Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. |
| description |
This study aimed to identify the causative agent of mass mortality in wild and captive birds in southwest Germany and to gather insights into the phylogenetic relationship and spatial distribution of the pathogen. Since June 2011, 223 dead birds were collected and tested for the presence of viral pathogens. Usutu virus (USUV) RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 86 birds representing 6 species. The virus was isolated in cell culture from the heart of 18 Blackbirds (Turdus merula). USUV-specific antigen was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in brain, heart, liver, and lung of infected Blackbirds. The complete polyprotein coding sequence was obtained by deep sequencing of liver and spleen samples of a dead Blackbird from Mannheim (BH65/11-02-03). Phylogenetic analysis of the German USUV strain BH65/11-02-03 revealed a close relationship with strain Vienna that caused mass mortality among birds in Austria in 2001. Wild birds from lowland river valleys in southwest Germany were mainly affected by USUV, but also birds kept in aviaries. Our data suggest that after the initial detection of USUV in German mosquitoes in 2010, the virus spread in 2011 and caused epizootics among wild and captive birds in southwest Germany. The data also indicate an increased risk of USUV infections in humans in Germany. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Norbert Becker Hanna Jöst Ute Ziegler Martin Eiden Dirk Höper Petra Emmerich Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet Deborah U Ehichioya Christina Czajka Martin Gabriel Bernd Hoffmann Martin Beer Klara Tenner-Racz Paul Racz Stephan Günther Michael Wink Stefan Bosch Armin Konrad Martin Pfeffer Martin H Groschup Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit |
| author_facet |
Norbert Becker Hanna Jöst Ute Ziegler Martin Eiden Dirk Höper Petra Emmerich Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet Deborah U Ehichioya Christina Czajka Martin Gabriel Bernd Hoffmann Martin Beer Klara Tenner-Racz Paul Racz Stephan Günther Michael Wink Stefan Bosch Armin Konrad Martin Pfeffer Martin H Groschup Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit |
| author_sort |
Norbert Becker |
| title |
Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. |
| title_short |
Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. |
| title_full |
Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. |
| title_fullStr |
Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. |
| title_sort |
epizootic emergence of usutu virus in wild and captive birds in germany. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/c1f917c936984b16af91e673193f5995 |
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| _version_ |
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