Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future

Symbiosis, the living together of unlike organisms as symbionts, is ubiquitous in the natural world. Symbioses occur within and across all scales of life, from microbial to macro-faunal systems. Further, the interactions between symbionts are multimodal in both strength and type, can span from paras...

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Autores principales:	Anya E. Vostinar, Katherine G. Skocelas, Alexander Lalejini, Luis Zaman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	symbiosis digital evolution parasitism mutualism artificial life experimental evolution Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c23707a4c7da47048aef4283e6879c15
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:c23707a4c7da47048aef4283e6879c15
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c23707a4c7da47048aef4283e6879c152021-11-05T15:16:33ZSymbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future2296-701X10.3389/fevo.2021.739047https://doaj.org/article/c23707a4c7da47048aef4283e6879c152021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.739047/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-701XSymbiosis, the living together of unlike organisms as symbionts, is ubiquitous in the natural world. Symbioses occur within and across all scales of life, from microbial to macro-faunal systems. Further, the interactions between symbionts are multimodal in both strength and type, can span from parasitic to mutualistic within one partnership, and persist over generations. Studying the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbiosis in natural or laboratory systems poses a wide range of challenges, including the long time scales at which symbioses evolve de novo, the limited capacity to experimentally control symbiotic interactions, the weak resolution at which we can quantify interactions, and the idiosyncrasies of current model systems. These issues are especially challenging when seeking to understand the ecological effects and evolutionary pressures on and of a symbiosis, such as how a symbiosis may shift between parasitic and mutualistic modes and how that shift impacts the dynamics of the partner population. In digital evolution, populations of computational organisms compete, mutate, and evolve in a virtual environment. Digital evolution features perfect data tracking and allows for experimental manipulations that are impractical or impossible in natural systems. Furthermore, modern computational power allows experimenters to observe thousands of generations of evolution in minutes (as opposed to several months or years), which greatly expands the range of possible studies. As such, digital evolution is poised to become a keystone technique in our methodological repertoire for studying the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbioses. Here, we review how digital evolution has been used to study symbiosis, and we propose a series of open questions that digital evolution is well-positioned to answer.Anya E. VostinarKatherine G. SkocelasAlexander LalejiniLuis ZamanFrontiers Media S.A.articlesymbiosisdigital evolutionparasitismmutualismartificial lifeexperimental evolutionEvolutionQH359-425EcologyQH540-549.5ENFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	symbiosis digital evolution parasitism mutualism artificial life experimental evolution Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	symbiosis digital evolution parasitism mutualism artificial life experimental evolution Evolution QH359-425 Ecology QH540-549.5 Anya E. Vostinar Katherine G. Skocelas Alexander Lalejini Luis Zaman Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future
description	Symbiosis, the living together of unlike organisms as symbionts, is ubiquitous in the natural world. Symbioses occur within and across all scales of life, from microbial to macro-faunal systems. Further, the interactions between symbionts are multimodal in both strength and type, can span from parasitic to mutualistic within one partnership, and persist over generations. Studying the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbiosis in natural or laboratory systems poses a wide range of challenges, including the long time scales at which symbioses evolve de novo, the limited capacity to experimentally control symbiotic interactions, the weak resolution at which we can quantify interactions, and the idiosyncrasies of current model systems. These issues are especially challenging when seeking to understand the ecological effects and evolutionary pressures on and of a symbiosis, such as how a symbiosis may shift between parasitic and mutualistic modes and how that shift impacts the dynamics of the partner population. In digital evolution, populations of computational organisms compete, mutate, and evolve in a virtual environment. Digital evolution features perfect data tracking and allows for experimental manipulations that are impractical or impossible in natural systems. Furthermore, modern computational power allows experimenters to observe thousands of generations of evolution in minutes (as opposed to several months or years), which greatly expands the range of possible studies. As such, digital evolution is poised to become a keystone technique in our methodological repertoire for studying the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbioses. Here, we review how digital evolution has been used to study symbiosis, and we propose a series of open questions that digital evolution is well-positioned to answer.
format	article
author	Anya E. Vostinar Katherine G. Skocelas Alexander Lalejini Luis Zaman
author_facet	Anya E. Vostinar Katherine G. Skocelas Alexander Lalejini Luis Zaman
author_sort	Anya E. Vostinar
title	Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future
title_short	Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future
title_full	Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future
title_fullStr	Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future
title_full_unstemmed	Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future
title_sort	symbiosis in digital evolution: past, present, and future
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c23707a4c7da47048aef4283e6879c15
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Symbiosis in Digital Evolution: Past, Present, and Future

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