Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom

Abstract Mineral ballasting enhances carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean; however, little is known about the role of this process in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here, we propose gypsum ballasting as a new mechanism that likely facilitated enhanced vertical carbon export from an under-...

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Autores principales:	J. E. Wollenburg, C. Katlein, G. Nehrke, E.-M. Nöthig, J. Matthiessen, D. A. Wolf- Gladrow, A. Nikolopoulos, F. Gázquez-Sanchez, L. Rossmann, P. Assmy, M. Babin, F. Bruyant, M. Beaulieu, C. Dybwad, I. Peeken
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c242cc22085a4ae99ee50d30876dab59
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c242cc22085a4ae99ee50d30876dab592021-12-02T15:07:49ZBallasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom10.1038/s41598-018-26016-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c242cc22085a4ae99ee50d30876dab592018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26016-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Mineral ballasting enhances carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean; however, little is known about the role of this process in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here, we propose gypsum ballasting as a new mechanism that likely facilitated enhanced vertical carbon export from an under-ice phytoplankton bloom dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis. In the spring 2015 abundant gypsum crystals embedded in Phaeocystis aggregates were collected throughout the water column and on the sea floor at a depth below 2 km. Model predictions supported by isotopic signatures indicate that 2.7 g m−2 gypsum crystals were formed in sea ice at temperatures below −6.5 °C and released into the water column during sea ice melting. Our finding indicates that sea ice derived (cryogenic) gypsum is stable enough to survive export to the deep ocean and serves as an effective ballast mineral. Our findings also suggest a potentially important and previously unknown role of Phaeocystis in deep carbon export due to cryogenic gypsum ballasting. The rapidly changing Arctic sea ice regime might favour this gypsum gravity chute with potential consequences for carbon export and food partitioning between pelagic and benthic ecosystems.J. E. WollenburgC. KatleinG. NehrkeE.-M. NöthigJ. MatthiessenD. A. Wolf- GladrowA. NikolopoulosF. Gázquez-SanchezL. RossmannP. AssmyM. BabinF. BruyantM. BeaulieuC. DybwadI. PeekenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q J. E. Wollenburg C. Katlein G. Nehrke E.-M. Nöthig J. Matthiessen D. A. Wolf- Gladrow A. Nikolopoulos F. Gázquez-Sanchez L. Rossmann P. Assmy M. Babin F. Bruyant M. Beaulieu C. Dybwad I. Peeken Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom
description	Abstract Mineral ballasting enhances carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean; however, little is known about the role of this process in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Here, we propose gypsum ballasting as a new mechanism that likely facilitated enhanced vertical carbon export from an under-ice phytoplankton bloom dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis. In the spring 2015 abundant gypsum crystals embedded in Phaeocystis aggregates were collected throughout the water column and on the sea floor at a depth below 2 km. Model predictions supported by isotopic signatures indicate that 2.7 g m−2 gypsum crystals were formed in sea ice at temperatures below −6.5 °C and released into the water column during sea ice melting. Our finding indicates that sea ice derived (cryogenic) gypsum is stable enough to survive export to the deep ocean and serves as an effective ballast mineral. Our findings also suggest a potentially important and previously unknown role of Phaeocystis in deep carbon export due to cryogenic gypsum ballasting. The rapidly changing Arctic sea ice regime might favour this gypsum gravity chute with potential consequences for carbon export and food partitioning between pelagic and benthic ecosystems.
format	article
author	J. E. Wollenburg C. Katlein G. Nehrke E.-M. Nöthig J. Matthiessen D. A. Wolf- Gladrow A. Nikolopoulos F. Gázquez-Sanchez L. Rossmann P. Assmy M. Babin F. Bruyant M. Beaulieu C. Dybwad I. Peeken
author_facet	J. E. Wollenburg C. Katlein G. Nehrke E.-M. Nöthig J. Matthiessen D. A. Wolf- Gladrow A. Nikolopoulos F. Gázquez-Sanchez L. Rossmann P. Assmy M. Babin F. Bruyant M. Beaulieu C. Dybwad I. Peeken
author_sort	J. E. Wollenburg
title	Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom
title_short	Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom
title_full	Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom
title_fullStr	Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom
title_full_unstemmed	Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom
title_sort	ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a phaeocystis under-ice bloom
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/c242cc22085a4ae99ee50d30876dab59
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Ballasting by cryogenic gypsum enhances carbon export in a Phaeocystis under-ice bloom

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