Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants

Abstract Overgrazing stands out as threat factors on biodiversity, being especially harmful in the Mediterranean, due to strong human pressure and an accelerated climate change acting synergistically. Fencing is a common tool used in conservation biology to tackle this problem. Advantages of fences...

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Autores principales:	Juan Lorite, Carlos Salazar-Mendías, Roza Pawlak, Eva María Cañadas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c24a60bb02b54802ade880449103ad4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c24a60bb02b54802ade880449103ad4b2021-12-02T15:08:39ZAssessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants10.1038/s41598-021-95739-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/c24a60bb02b54802ade880449103ad4b2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95739-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Overgrazing stands out as threat factors on biodiversity, being especially harmful in the Mediterranean, due to strong human pressure and an accelerated climate change acting synergistically. Fencing is a common tool used in conservation biology to tackle this problem. Advantages of fences are usually fast, intuitive, and easy to evaluate. However, disadvantages could also arise (increasing interspecific competition, disturbing habitat structure, limiting pollination, reducing dispersion). Together with management issues (maintenance, conflicts with stakeholders, and pulling effect). Effectiveness of fencing for conservation has been frequently assessed for animals, while it is almost a neglected topic in plants. We evaluated the outcome of fencing three threatened and narrow-endemic plants. Selected 5 populations were only partly fenced, which allowed comparing different variables inside and outside the fence. For evaluating the fencing effects, we sampled several habitats (vegetation cover, composition, density of target species), and target-species features (individual size, neighbouring species, and fruit-set). Fencing had strong effects on the habitat and on target-species individuals, showing contrasting responses at species and population level. Particularly, for Erodium cazorlanum, fence had a positive effect in one case, and negative in another. In Hormathophylla baetica effect was positive in all populations. Finally, fencing negatively affected Solenanthus reverchonii by increasing competition and limiting seed-dispersal. Fencing outcome was different in assessed species, highlighting the need to a case-by-case evaluation to determine the net balance (pros vs. cons), also its suitability and most favourable option (i.e. permanent vs. temporary fences).Juan LoriteCarlos Salazar-MendíasRoza PawlakEva María CañadasNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Juan Lorite Carlos Salazar-Mendías Roza Pawlak Eva María Cañadas Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants
description	Abstract Overgrazing stands out as threat factors on biodiversity, being especially harmful in the Mediterranean, due to strong human pressure and an accelerated climate change acting synergistically. Fencing is a common tool used in conservation biology to tackle this problem. Advantages of fences are usually fast, intuitive, and easy to evaluate. However, disadvantages could also arise (increasing interspecific competition, disturbing habitat structure, limiting pollination, reducing dispersion). Together with management issues (maintenance, conflicts with stakeholders, and pulling effect). Effectiveness of fencing for conservation has been frequently assessed for animals, while it is almost a neglected topic in plants. We evaluated the outcome of fencing three threatened and narrow-endemic plants. Selected 5 populations were only partly fenced, which allowed comparing different variables inside and outside the fence. For evaluating the fencing effects, we sampled several habitats (vegetation cover, composition, density of target species), and target-species features (individual size, neighbouring species, and fruit-set). Fencing had strong effects on the habitat and on target-species individuals, showing contrasting responses at species and population level. Particularly, for Erodium cazorlanum, fence had a positive effect in one case, and negative in another. In Hormathophylla baetica effect was positive in all populations. Finally, fencing negatively affected Solenanthus reverchonii by increasing competition and limiting seed-dispersal. Fencing outcome was different in assessed species, highlighting the need to a case-by-case evaluation to determine the net balance (pros vs. cons), also its suitability and most favourable option (i.e. permanent vs. temporary fences).
format	article
author	Juan Lorite Carlos Salazar-Mendías Roza Pawlak Eva María Cañadas
author_facet	Juan Lorite Carlos Salazar-Mendías Roza Pawlak Eva María Cañadas
author_sort	Juan Lorite
title	Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants
title_short	Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants
title_full	Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants
title_fullStr	Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants
title_sort	assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c24a60bb02b54802ade880449103ad4b
work_keys_str_mv	AT juanlorite assessingeffectivenessofexclusionfencesinprotectingthreatenedplants AT carlossalazarmendias assessingeffectivenessofexclusionfencesinprotectingthreatenedplants AT rozapawlak assessingeffectivenessofexclusionfencesinprotectingthreatenedplants AT evamariacanadas assessingeffectivenessofexclusionfencesinprotectingthreatenedplants
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Assessing effectiveness of exclusion fences in protecting threatened plants

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