Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment

Intrauterine viral infections during pregnancy by pathogens such as Zika virus, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Herpes Simplex virus can lead to prenatal as well as postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. Although maternal viral infections are common during pregnancy, viruses rarely penetrate the troph...

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Autores principales:	Sourav Ganguli, Pavithra L. Chavali
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	autism spectrum disorder (ASD) blood brain Barrier (BBB) blood CSF barrier (BCSFB) microcephaly neurodevelopment inflammation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c2543641c18a49b88af07eca2da0e6cc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c2543641c18a49b88af07eca2da0e6cc2021-11-10T07:08:32ZIntrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment1662-453X10.3389/fnins.2021.771557https://doaj.org/article/c2543641c18a49b88af07eca2da0e6cc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.771557/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XIntrauterine viral infections during pregnancy by pathogens such as Zika virus, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Herpes Simplex virus can lead to prenatal as well as postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. Although maternal viral infections are common during pregnancy, viruses rarely penetrate the trophoblast. When they do cross, viruses can cause adverse congenital health conditions for the fetus. In this context, maternal inflammatory responses to these neurotropic pathogens play a significant role in negatively affecting neurodevelopment. For instance, intrauterine inflammation poses an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as microcephaly, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Severe inflammatory responses have been linked to stillbirths, preterm births, abortions and microcephaly. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis of how immune system shapes the landscape of the brain and how different neurotropic viral pathogens evoke inflammatory responses. Finally, we list the consequences of neuroinflammation on fetal brain development and discuss directions for future research and intervention strategies.Sourav GanguliSourav GanguliPavithra L. ChavaliPavithra L. ChavaliFrontiers Media S.A.articleautism spectrum disorder (ASD)blood brain Barrier (BBB)blood CSF barrier (BCSFB)microcephalyneurodevelopmentinflammationNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	autism spectrum disorder (ASD) blood brain Barrier (BBB) blood CSF barrier (BCSFB) microcephaly neurodevelopment inflammation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	autism spectrum disorder (ASD) blood brain Barrier (BBB) blood CSF barrier (BCSFB) microcephaly neurodevelopment inflammation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Sourav Ganguli Sourav Ganguli Pavithra L. Chavali Pavithra L. Chavali Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment
description	Intrauterine viral infections during pregnancy by pathogens such as Zika virus, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Herpes Simplex virus can lead to prenatal as well as postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. Although maternal viral infections are common during pregnancy, viruses rarely penetrate the trophoblast. When they do cross, viruses can cause adverse congenital health conditions for the fetus. In this context, maternal inflammatory responses to these neurotropic pathogens play a significant role in negatively affecting neurodevelopment. For instance, intrauterine inflammation poses an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as microcephaly, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Severe inflammatory responses have been linked to stillbirths, preterm births, abortions and microcephaly. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis of how immune system shapes the landscape of the brain and how different neurotropic viral pathogens evoke inflammatory responses. Finally, we list the consequences of neuroinflammation on fetal brain development and discuss directions for future research and intervention strategies.
format	article
author	Sourav Ganguli Sourav Ganguli Pavithra L. Chavali Pavithra L. Chavali
author_facet	Sourav Ganguli Sourav Ganguli Pavithra L. Chavali Pavithra L. Chavali
author_sort	Sourav Ganguli
title	Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment
title_short	Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment
title_full	Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment
title_fullStr	Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment
title_full_unstemmed	Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment
title_sort	intrauterine viral infections: impact of inflammation on fetal neurodevelopment
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c2543641c18a49b88af07eca2da0e6cc
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Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment

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