Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.

Mammals communicate socially through visual, auditory and chemical signals. The chemical sense is the oldest sense and is shared by all organisms including bacteria. Despite mounting evidence for social chemo-signaling in humans, the extent to which it modulates behavior is debated and can benefit f...

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Autores principales:	Michelle Klailova, Phyllis C Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c2634cf743e844c693597ab60a644a74
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c2634cf743e844c693597ab60a644a742021-11-25T06:09:11ZWild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0099554https://doaj.org/article/c2634cf743e844c693597ab60a644a742014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25006973/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Mammals communicate socially through visual, auditory and chemical signals. The chemical sense is the oldest sense and is shared by all organisms including bacteria. Despite mounting evidence for social chemo-signaling in humans, the extent to which it modulates behavior is debated and can benefit from comparative models of closely related hominoids. The use of odor cues in wild ape social communication has been only rarely explored. Apart from one study on wild chimpanzee sniffing, our understanding is limited to anecdotes. We present the first study of wild gorilla chemo-communication and the first analysis of olfactory signaling in relation to arousal levels and odor strength in wild apes. If gorilla scent is used as a signaling mechanism instead of only a sign of arousal or stress, odor emission should be context specific and capable of variation as a function of the relationships between the emitter and perceiver(s). Measured through a human pungency scale, we determined the factors that predicted extreme levels of silverback odor for one wild western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) group silverback. Extreme silverback odor was predicted by the presence and intensity of inter-unit interactions, silverback anger, distress and long-calling auditory rates, and the absence of close proximity between the silverback and mother of the youngest infant. Odor strength also varied according to the focal silverback's strategic responses during high intensity inter-unit interactions. Silverbacks appear to use odor as a modifiable form of communication; where odor acts as a highly flexible, context dependent signaling mechanism to group members and extra-group units. The importance of olfaction to ape social communication may be especially pertinent in Central African forests where limited visibility may necessitate increased reliance on other senses.Michelle KlailovaPhyllis C LeePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e99554 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michelle Klailova Phyllis C Lee Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.
description	Mammals communicate socially through visual, auditory and chemical signals. The chemical sense is the oldest sense and is shared by all organisms including bacteria. Despite mounting evidence for social chemo-signaling in humans, the extent to which it modulates behavior is debated and can benefit from comparative models of closely related hominoids. The use of odor cues in wild ape social communication has been only rarely explored. Apart from one study on wild chimpanzee sniffing, our understanding is limited to anecdotes. We present the first study of wild gorilla chemo-communication and the first analysis of olfactory signaling in relation to arousal levels and odor strength in wild apes. If gorilla scent is used as a signaling mechanism instead of only a sign of arousal or stress, odor emission should be context specific and capable of variation as a function of the relationships between the emitter and perceiver(s). Measured through a human pungency scale, we determined the factors that predicted extreme levels of silverback odor for one wild western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) group silverback. Extreme silverback odor was predicted by the presence and intensity of inter-unit interactions, silverback anger, distress and long-calling auditory rates, and the absence of close proximity between the silverback and mother of the youngest infant. Odor strength also varied according to the focal silverback's strategic responses during high intensity inter-unit interactions. Silverbacks appear to use odor as a modifiable form of communication; where odor acts as a highly flexible, context dependent signaling mechanism to group members and extra-group units. The importance of olfaction to ape social communication may be especially pertinent in Central African forests where limited visibility may necessitate increased reliance on other senses.
format	article
author	Michelle Klailova Phyllis C Lee
author_facet	Michelle Klailova Phyllis C Lee
author_sort	Michelle Klailova
title	Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.
title_short	Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.
title_full	Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.
title_fullStr	Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.
title_full_unstemmed	Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.
title_sort	wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/c2634cf743e844c693597ab60a644a74
work_keys_str_mv	AT michelleklailova wildwesternlowlandgorillassignalselectivelyusingodor AT phyllisclee wildwesternlowlandgorillassignalselectivelyusingodor
_version_	1718414128456925184

Wild western lowland gorillas signal selectively using odor.

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