Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images

A thorough understanding of the freshwater ice process received considerable critical attention due to increasing winter recreations and ice engineering. The development of the lake ice process of Chagan Lake was monitored using MODIS and Landsat images over eight consecutive snow seasons from Octob...

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Autores principales:	Xiaohua Hao, Qian Yang, Xiaoguang Shi, Xuemei Liu, Wenfeng Huang, Liwen Chen, Yue Ma
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lake ice fracture fractal theory lake ice phenology field investigation hydrodynamic field Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c298fa755e7d4f258d2e54840ad051ee
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c298fa755e7d4f258d2e54840ad051ee2021-11-11T18:50:48ZFractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images10.3390/rs132142332072-4292https://doaj.org/article/c298fa755e7d4f258d2e54840ad051ee2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4233https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292A thorough understanding of the freshwater ice process received considerable critical attention due to increasing winter recreations and ice engineering. The development of the lake ice process of Chagan Lake was monitored using MODIS and Landsat images over eight consecutive snow seasons from October 2013 to April 2021. We derived the lake ice phenology from an eight-day time series of lake water skin temperature (LWST) provided by MODIS, including freeze-up date, break-up date, and ice cover duration. We discovered a large-scale fracture extending from northwest to southeast that repeatedly appeared on Landsat images since 1986. A novel fractal-based auto-extraction is proposed to extract the length and angle of these fractures. We also carried out a field campaign and an ice ridge was found at the southernmost part of what we observed from the images. Moreover, we explained the fracturing development by thermal changes, wind in lake, and underlying flow. Results show that the lake ice fracture is nearly perpendicular to the dominant wind direction in the cold season, which indicates the crucial role of wind on lake ice fracturing.Xiaohua HaoQian YangXiaoguang ShiXuemei LiuWenfeng HuangLiwen ChenYue MaMDPI AGarticlelake ice fracturefractal theorylake ice phenologyfield investigationhydrodynamic fieldScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4233, p 4233 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lake ice fracture fractal theory lake ice phenology field investigation hydrodynamic field Science Q
spellingShingle	lake ice fracture fractal theory lake ice phenology field investigation hydrodynamic field Science Q Xiaohua Hao Qian Yang Xiaoguang Shi Xuemei Liu Wenfeng Huang Liwen Chen Yue Ma Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images
description	A thorough understanding of the freshwater ice process received considerable critical attention due to increasing winter recreations and ice engineering. The development of the lake ice process of Chagan Lake was monitored using MODIS and Landsat images over eight consecutive snow seasons from October 2013 to April 2021. We derived the lake ice phenology from an eight-day time series of lake water skin temperature (LWST) provided by MODIS, including freeze-up date, break-up date, and ice cover duration. We discovered a large-scale fracture extending from northwest to southeast that repeatedly appeared on Landsat images since 1986. A novel fractal-based auto-extraction is proposed to extract the length and angle of these fractures. We also carried out a field campaign and an ice ridge was found at the southernmost part of what we observed from the images. Moreover, we explained the fracturing development by thermal changes, wind in lake, and underlying flow. Results show that the lake ice fracture is nearly perpendicular to the dominant wind direction in the cold season, which indicates the crucial role of wind on lake ice fracturing.
format	article
author	Xiaohua Hao Qian Yang Xiaoguang Shi Xuemei Liu Wenfeng Huang Liwen Chen Yue Ma
author_facet	Xiaohua Hao Qian Yang Xiaoguang Shi Xuemei Liu Wenfeng Huang Liwen Chen Yue Ma
author_sort	Xiaohua Hao
title	Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images
title_short	Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images
title_full	Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images
title_fullStr	Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images
title_full_unstemmed	Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images
title_sort	fractal-based retrieval and potential driving factors of lake ice fractures of chagan lake, northeast china using landsat remote sensing images
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c298fa755e7d4f258d2e54840ad051ee
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Fractal-Based Retrieval and Potential Driving Factors of Lake Ice Fractures of Chagan Lake, Northeast China Using Landsat Remote Sensing Images

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