Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis

Several models for predicting dry matter intake (DMI) of replacement dairy heifers have been developed; however, only a few have been evaluated using data from heifers of different breeds raised under tropical conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the DMI equations for dairy...

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Autores principales:	Marcos Busanello, Debora Gomes de Sousa, Filipe Araújo Canedo Mendonça, Veridiana Lourenço Daley, Rodrigo de Almeida, Carla Maris Machado Bittar, Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	dry matter intake dairy heifers <i>Bos taurus</i> <i>Bos indicus</i> empirical models Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c2c9867a18c74e3aab5558ff8941975c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c2c9867a18c74e3aab5558ff8941975c2021-11-25T16:18:29ZFeed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis10.3390/ani111131812076-2615https://doaj.org/article/c2c9867a18c74e3aab5558ff8941975c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3181https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Several models for predicting dry matter intake (DMI) of replacement dairy heifers have been developed; however, only a few have been evaluated using data from heifers of different breeds raised under tropical conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the DMI equations for dairy heifers managed under tropical conditions. A total of 230 treatment means from 61 studies using dairy heifers (<i>n</i> = 1513 heifers, average body weight = 246 kg) were used. The animals were grouped into two groups based on their genetics: (1) <i>Bos taurus</i> (Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Holstein × Jersey) and (2) crossbred (<i>Bos taurus</i> × <i>Bos indicus</i>). Seven previously published DMI equations (HH, HHJ, QUI, STA, 2001 NRC, OFLin, and OFNLin) for heifers were evaluated using mean bias, slope bias, mean squared prediction errors (MSPE) and its decomposition, and other model evaluation statistics. For <i>Bos taurus</i> heifers, our results indicated that OFNLin and HHJ had lower mean bias (0.13 and 0.16 kg/d, respectively) than other models. There was no significant slope or mean bias for HHJ and OFNLin (<i>p</i> > 0.05), indicating agreement between the observed and predicted DMI values. All other models had a significant mean bias (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the QUI model also presented a significant slope bias (<i>p</i> < 0.02). For crossbred heifers, the STA equation was the only one that did not present mean and slope bias significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05). All other DMI models had significant mean bias when evaluated using crossbred data (<i>p</i> < 0.04), and QUI, OFLin, and OFNLin also presented significant slope bias (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Based on our results, predictions from OFNLin and HHJ best represented the observed DMI of <i>Bos taurus</i> heifers (MSPE ≤ 1.25 kg<sup>2</sup>/d<sup>2</sup>, mean bias ≤ 0.16 kg/d), whereas STA was the best model for crossbred heifers (MSPE = 1.25 kg<sup>2</sup>/d<sup>2</sup>, mean bias = 0.09 kg/d). These findings indicate that not all available models are adequate for estimating the DMI of dairy heifers managed under a tropical climate, with HHJ and OFNLin for <i>Bos taurus</i> and STA for crossbreds being the most suitable models for DMI prediction. There is evidence that models from <i>Bos taurus</i> heifers could be used to estimate the DMI of heifers under tropical conditions. For heifer ration formulation is necessary to consider that DMI is influenced by breed, diet, management, and climate. Future work should also include animal genetic and environmental variables for the prediction of DMI in dairy heifers.Marcos BusanelloDebora Gomes de SousaFilipe Araújo Canedo MendonçaVeridiana Lourenço DaleyRodrigo de AlmeidaCarla Maris Machado BittarDante Pazzanese Duarte LannaMDPI AGarticledry matter intakedairy heifers<i>Bos taurus</i><i>Bos indicus</i>empirical modelsVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3181, p 3181 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dry matter intake dairy heifers <i>Bos taurus</i> <i>Bos indicus</i> empirical models Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	dry matter intake dairy heifers <i>Bos taurus</i> <i>Bos indicus</i> empirical models Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Marcos Busanello Debora Gomes de Sousa Filipe Araújo Canedo Mendonça Veridiana Lourenço Daley Rodrigo de Almeida Carla Maris Machado Bittar Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis
description	Several models for predicting dry matter intake (DMI) of replacement dairy heifers have been developed; however, only a few have been evaluated using data from heifers of different breeds raised under tropical conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the DMI equations for dairy heifers managed under tropical conditions. A total of 230 treatment means from 61 studies using dairy heifers (<i>n</i> = 1513 heifers, average body weight = 246 kg) were used. The animals were grouped into two groups based on their genetics: (1) <i>Bos taurus</i> (Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Holstein × Jersey) and (2) crossbred (<i>Bos taurus</i> × <i>Bos indicus</i>). Seven previously published DMI equations (HH, HHJ, QUI, STA, 2001 NRC, OFLin, and OFNLin) for heifers were evaluated using mean bias, slope bias, mean squared prediction errors (MSPE) and its decomposition, and other model evaluation statistics. For <i>Bos taurus</i> heifers, our results indicated that OFNLin and HHJ had lower mean bias (0.13 and 0.16 kg/d, respectively) than other models. There was no significant slope or mean bias for HHJ and OFNLin (<i>p</i> > 0.05), indicating agreement between the observed and predicted DMI values. All other models had a significant mean bias (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the QUI model also presented a significant slope bias (<i>p</i> < 0.02). For crossbred heifers, the STA equation was the only one that did not present mean and slope bias significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05). All other DMI models had significant mean bias when evaluated using crossbred data (<i>p</i> < 0.04), and QUI, OFLin, and OFNLin also presented significant slope bias (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Based on our results, predictions from OFNLin and HHJ best represented the observed DMI of <i>Bos taurus</i> heifers (MSPE ≤ 1.25 kg<sup>2</sup>/d<sup>2</sup>, mean bias ≤ 0.16 kg/d), whereas STA was the best model for crossbred heifers (MSPE = 1.25 kg<sup>2</sup>/d<sup>2</sup>, mean bias = 0.09 kg/d). These findings indicate that not all available models are adequate for estimating the DMI of dairy heifers managed under a tropical climate, with HHJ and OFNLin for <i>Bos taurus</i> and STA for crossbreds being the most suitable models for DMI prediction. There is evidence that models from <i>Bos taurus</i> heifers could be used to estimate the DMI of heifers under tropical conditions. For heifer ration formulation is necessary to consider that DMI is influenced by breed, diet, management, and climate. Future work should also include animal genetic and environmental variables for the prediction of DMI in dairy heifers.
format	article
author	Marcos Busanello Debora Gomes de Sousa Filipe Araújo Canedo Mendonça Veridiana Lourenço Daley Rodrigo de Almeida Carla Maris Machado Bittar Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
author_facet	Marcos Busanello Debora Gomes de Sousa Filipe Araújo Canedo Mendonça Veridiana Lourenço Daley Rodrigo de Almeida Carla Maris Machado Bittar Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
author_sort	Marcos Busanello
title	Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis
title_short	Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis
title_full	Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr	Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis
title_sort	feed intake of growing dairy heifers raised under tropical conditions: a model evaluation using meta-analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c2c9867a18c74e3aab5558ff8941975c
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Feed Intake of Growing Dairy Heifers Raised under Tropical Conditions: A Model Evaluation Using Meta-Analysis

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