Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019

Chemical fertilizers are important inputs in agricultural production. They not only increase crop yield but also bring many negative effects, such as agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, a scientific understanding of the regional differences in chemical fertilizer application and its...

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Autores principales:	Yuanzhi Guo, Jieyong Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	chemical fertilizer application environmental risks agricultural production food security high-quality development rural revitalization Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c2cd0e0c98e74741ba8f3e9091c7c84c
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:c2cd0e0c98e74741ba8f3e9091c7c84c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c2cd0e0c98e74741ba8f3e9091c7c84c2021-11-25T17:49:25ZSpatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 201910.3390/ijerph1822119111660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/c2cd0e0c98e74741ba8f3e9091c7c84c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11911https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Chemical fertilizers are important inputs in agricultural production. They not only increase crop yield but also bring many negative effects, such as agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, a scientific understanding of the regional differences in chemical fertilizer application and its environmental risks is of significance to promote China’s agricultural development. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of chemical fertilizer application intensity (CFAI) in China since 2000, evaluated the environmental risks of provincial CFAI, and investigated the internal mechanism behind them. The results showed that the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application in China from 2000 to 2019 presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In 2000 and 2019, provincial CFAI in eastern China was generally higher than that in central and western China, and the environmental risks of provincial CFAI were spatially characterized by “high in the north and low in the south”. Factors such as poor soil conditions, unreasonable farming structure and backward fertilization methods are the main reasons for the continuous increase in the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application, while the construction of ecological civilization and the transformation of society and economy are the main reasons for their decline. Finally, measures such as targeted fertilization, adjusting the use structure of chemical fertilizers, improving fertilization methods and replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers are proposed to promote the quantity reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer application in China.Yuanzhi GuoJieyong WangMDPI AGarticlechemical fertilizer applicationenvironmental risksagricultural productionfood securityhigh-quality developmentrural revitalizationMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11911, p 11911 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chemical fertilizer application environmental risks agricultural production food security high-quality development rural revitalization Medicine R
spellingShingle	chemical fertilizer application environmental risks agricultural production food security high-quality development rural revitalization Medicine R Yuanzhi Guo Jieyong Wang Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019
description	Chemical fertilizers are important inputs in agricultural production. They not only increase crop yield but also bring many negative effects, such as agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, a scientific understanding of the regional differences in chemical fertilizer application and its environmental risks is of significance to promote China’s agricultural development. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of chemical fertilizer application intensity (CFAI) in China since 2000, evaluated the environmental risks of provincial CFAI, and investigated the internal mechanism behind them. The results showed that the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application in China from 2000 to 2019 presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In 2000 and 2019, provincial CFAI in eastern China was generally higher than that in central and western China, and the environmental risks of provincial CFAI were spatially characterized by “high in the north and low in the south”. Factors such as poor soil conditions, unreasonable farming structure and backward fertilization methods are the main reasons for the continuous increase in the total amount and intensity of chemical fertilizer application, while the construction of ecological civilization and the transformation of society and economy are the main reasons for their decline. Finally, measures such as targeted fertilization, adjusting the use structure of chemical fertilizers, improving fertilization methods and replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers are proposed to promote the quantity reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer application in China.
format	article
author	Yuanzhi Guo Jieyong Wang
author_facet	Yuanzhi Guo Jieyong Wang
author_sort	Yuanzhi Guo
title	Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019
title_short	Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019
title_full	Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019
title_fullStr	Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019
title_full_unstemmed	Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019
title_sort	spatiotemporal changes of chemical fertilizer application and its environmental risks in china from 2000 to 2019
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c2cd0e0c98e74741ba8f3e9091c7c84c
work_keys_str_mv	AT yuanzhiguo spatiotemporalchangesofchemicalfertilizerapplicationanditsenvironmentalrisksinchinafrom2000to2019 AT jieyongwang spatiotemporalchangesofchemicalfertilizerapplicationanditsenvironmentalrisksinchinafrom2000to2019
_version_	1718412010381639680

Spatiotemporal Changes of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Its Environmental Risks in China from 2000 to 2019

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