Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.

Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is large...

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Autores principales:	Paula Maria Kinnunen, Hanna Inkeroinen, Mette Ilander, Eva Riikka Kallio, Henna Pauliina Heikkilä, Esa Koskela, Tapio Mappes, Airi Palva, Antti Vaheri, Anja Kipar, Olli Vapalahti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c2eb69baca284c10a8a19edff0146bdf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c2eb69baca284c10a8a19edff0146bdf2021-11-04T06:09:07ZIntracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0023622https://doaj.org/article/c2eb69baca284c10a8a19edff0146bdf2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21935357/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is largely unknown, although evidence exists for a reservoir in small mammals, for example bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In addition to the current exogenous infections and despite the fact that bornaviruses have an RNA genome, bornavirus sequences integrated into the genomes of several vertebrates millions of years ago. Our hypothesis is that the bank vole, a common wild rodent species in traditional BDV-endemic areas, can serve as a viral host; we therefore explored whether this species can be infected with BDV, and if so, how the virus spreads and whether viral RNA is transcribed into DNA in vivo.We infected neonate bank voles intracerebrally with BDV and euthanized them 2 to 8 weeks post-infection. Specific Ig antibodies were detectable in 41%. Histological evaluation revealed no significant pathological alterations, but BDV RNA and antigen were detectable in all infected brains. Immunohistology demonstrated centrifugal spread throughout the nervous tissue, because viral antigen was widespread in peripheral nerves and ganglia, including the mediastinum, esophagus, and urinary bladder. This was associated with viral shedding in feces, of which 54% were BDV RNA-positive, and urine at 17%. BDV nucleocapsid gene DNA occurred in 66% of the infected voles, and, surprisingly, occasionally also phosphoprotein DNA. Thus, intracerebral BDV infection of bank vole led to systemic infection of the nervous tissue and viral excretion, as well as frequent reverse transcription of the BDV genome, enabling genomic integration. This first experimental bornavirus infection in wild mammals confirms the recent findings regarding bornavirus DNA, and suggests that bank voles are capable of bornavirus transmission.Paula Maria KinnunenHanna InkeroinenMette IlanderEva Riikka KallioHenna Pauliina HeikkiläEsa KoskelaTapio MappesAiri PalvaAntti VaheriAnja KiparOlli VapalahtiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 8, p e23622 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Paula Maria Kinnunen Hanna Inkeroinen Mette Ilander Eva Riikka Kallio Henna Pauliina Heikkilä Esa Koskela Tapio Mappes Airi Palva Antti Vaheri Anja Kipar Olli Vapalahti Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.
description	Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is largely unknown, although evidence exists for a reservoir in small mammals, for example bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In addition to the current exogenous infections and despite the fact that bornaviruses have an RNA genome, bornavirus sequences integrated into the genomes of several vertebrates millions of years ago. Our hypothesis is that the bank vole, a common wild rodent species in traditional BDV-endemic areas, can serve as a viral host; we therefore explored whether this species can be infected with BDV, and if so, how the virus spreads and whether viral RNA is transcribed into DNA in vivo.We infected neonate bank voles intracerebrally with BDV and euthanized them 2 to 8 weeks post-infection. Specific Ig antibodies were detectable in 41%. Histological evaluation revealed no significant pathological alterations, but BDV RNA and antigen were detectable in all infected brains. Immunohistology demonstrated centrifugal spread throughout the nervous tissue, because viral antigen was widespread in peripheral nerves and ganglia, including the mediastinum, esophagus, and urinary bladder. This was associated with viral shedding in feces, of which 54% were BDV RNA-positive, and urine at 17%. BDV nucleocapsid gene DNA occurred in 66% of the infected voles, and, surprisingly, occasionally also phosphoprotein DNA. Thus, intracerebral BDV infection of bank vole led to systemic infection of the nervous tissue and viral excretion, as well as frequent reverse transcription of the BDV genome, enabling genomic integration. This first experimental bornavirus infection in wild mammals confirms the recent findings regarding bornavirus DNA, and suggests that bank voles are capable of bornavirus transmission.
format	article
author	Paula Maria Kinnunen Hanna Inkeroinen Mette Ilander Eva Riikka Kallio Henna Pauliina Heikkilä Esa Koskela Tapio Mappes Airi Palva Antti Vaheri Anja Kipar Olli Vapalahti
author_facet	Paula Maria Kinnunen Hanna Inkeroinen Mette Ilander Eva Riikka Kallio Henna Pauliina Heikkilä Esa Koskela Tapio Mappes Airi Palva Antti Vaheri Anja Kipar Olli Vapalahti
author_sort	Paula Maria Kinnunen
title	Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.
title_short	Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.
title_full	Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.
title_fullStr	Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.
title_full_unstemmed	Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.
title_sort	intracerebral borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral rna.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/c2eb69baca284c10a8a19edff0146bdf
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Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA.

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