Perna canaliculus as an Ecological Material in the Removal of o-Cresol Pollutants from Soil

Soil contamination with cresol is a problem of the 21st century and poses a threat to soil microorganisms, humans, animals, and plants. The lack of precise data on the potential toxicity of o-cresol in soil microbiome and biochemical activity, as well as the search for effective r...

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Autores principales:	Magdalena Zaborowska, Jadwiga Wyszkowska, Agata Borowik, Jan Kucharski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>o</i>-cresol biodiversity soil enzymes soil microbiome biosorbent <i>Perna canaliculus</i> Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c2f562ad12e3459f928890e2e4825e5c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c2f562ad12e3459f928890e2e4825e5c2021-11-11T18:11:33Z<i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil10.3390/ma142166851996-1944https://doaj.org/article/c2f562ad12e3459f928890e2e4825e5c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6685https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Soil contamination with cresol is a problem of the 21st century and poses a threat to soil microorganisms, humans, animals, and plants. The lack of precise data on the potential toxicity of <i>o</i>-cresol in soil microbiome and biochemical activity, as well as the search for effective remediation methods, inspired the aim of this study. Soil is subjected to four levels of contamination with <i>o</i>-cresol: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mg <i>o</i>-cresol kg<sup>−1</sup> dry matter (DM) of soil and the following are determined: the count of eight groups of microorganisms, colony development index (CD) and ecophysiological diversity index (EP) for organotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi, and the bacterial genetic diversity. Moreover, the responses of seven soil enzymes are investigated. <i>Perna canaliculus</i> is a recognized biosorbent of organic pollutants. Therefore, microbial biostimulation with <i>Perna canaliculus</i> shells is used to eliminate the negative effect of the phenolic compound on the soil microbiome. Fungi appears to be the microorganisms most sensitive to <i>o</i>-cresol, while <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. is the least sensitive. In <i>o</i>-cresol-contaminated soils, the microbiome is represented mainly by the bacteria of the <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i> phyla. Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and urease can be regarded as sensitive indicators of soil disturbance. <i>Perna canaliculus</i> shells prove to be an effective biostimulator of soil under pressure with <i>o</i>-cresol.Magdalena ZaborowskaJadwiga WyszkowskaAgata BorowikJan KucharskiMDPI AGarticle<i>o</i>-cresolbiodiversitysoil enzymessoil microbiomebiosorbent<i>Perna canaliculus</i>TechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6685, p 6685 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>o</i>-cresol biodiversity soil enzymes soil microbiome biosorbent <i>Perna canaliculus</i> Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	<i>o</i>-cresol biodiversity soil enzymes soil microbiome biosorbent <i>Perna canaliculus</i> Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Magdalena Zaborowska Jadwiga Wyszkowska Agata Borowik Jan Kucharski <i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil
description	Soil contamination with cresol is a problem of the 21st century and poses a threat to soil microorganisms, humans, animals, and plants. The lack of precise data on the potential toxicity of <i>o</i>-cresol in soil microbiome and biochemical activity, as well as the search for effective remediation methods, inspired the aim of this study. Soil is subjected to four levels of contamination with <i>o</i>-cresol: 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mg <i>o</i>-cresol kg<sup>−1</sup> dry matter (DM) of soil and the following are determined: the count of eight groups of microorganisms, colony development index (CD) and ecophysiological diversity index (EP) for organotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi, and the bacterial genetic diversity. Moreover, the responses of seven soil enzymes are investigated. <i>Perna canaliculus</i> is a recognized biosorbent of organic pollutants. Therefore, microbial biostimulation with <i>Perna canaliculus</i> shells is used to eliminate the negative effect of the phenolic compound on the soil microbiome. Fungi appears to be the microorganisms most sensitive to <i>o</i>-cresol, while <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. is the least sensitive. In <i>o</i>-cresol-contaminated soils, the microbiome is represented mainly by the bacteria of the <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i> phyla. Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and urease can be regarded as sensitive indicators of soil disturbance. <i>Perna canaliculus</i> shells prove to be an effective biostimulator of soil under pressure with <i>o</i>-cresol.
format	article
author	Magdalena Zaborowska Jadwiga Wyszkowska Agata Borowik Jan Kucharski
author_facet	Magdalena Zaborowska Jadwiga Wyszkowska Agata Borowik Jan Kucharski
author_sort	Magdalena Zaborowska
title	<i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil
title_short	<i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil
title_full	<i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil
title_fullStr	<i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil
title_sort	<i>perna canaliculus</i> as an ecological material in the removal of <i>o</i>-cresol pollutants from soil
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c2f562ad12e3459f928890e2e4825e5c
work_keys_str_mv	AT magdalenazaborowska ipernacanaliculusiasanecologicalmaterialintheremovalofioicresolpollutantsfromsoil AT jadwigawyszkowska ipernacanaliculusiasanecologicalmaterialintheremovalofioicresolpollutantsfromsoil AT agataborowik ipernacanaliculusiasanecologicalmaterialintheremovalofioicresolpollutantsfromsoil AT jankucharski ipernacanaliculusiasanecologicalmaterialintheremovalofioicresolpollutantsfromsoil
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<i>Perna canaliculus</i> as an Ecological Material in the Removal of <i>o</i>-Cresol Pollutants from Soil

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