Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur

Infectious dermatological diseases caused by Malassezia furfur are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated with adverse effects. Alternatives that broaden the treatment options and reduce side effects for patients are ne...

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Autores principales:	Zixin Cui, Miaomiao Zhang, Songmei Geng, Xinwu Niu, Xiaopeng Wang, Yanyan Zhu, Feng Ye, Chengcheng Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Malassezia furfur photodynamic antimicrobial effect haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether aloe emodin protease and lipase Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c305daa6d86046cfbbea94b336d348bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c305daa6d86046cfbbea94b336d348bc2021-11-16T07:46:33ZAntifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.749106https://doaj.org/article/c305daa6d86046cfbbea94b336d348bc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.749106/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XInfectious dermatological diseases caused by Malassezia furfur are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated with adverse effects. Alternatives that broaden the treatment options and reduce side effects for patients are needed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging approach that is quite suitable for superficial infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and effect of aPDT mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and aloe emodin (AE) on clinical isolates of M. furfur in vitro. The photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of HMME and AE against M. furfur was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The uptake of HMME and AE by M. furfur cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the intracellular ROS level. The effect of HMME and AE-mediated aPDT on secreted protease and lipase activity of M. furfur was also investigated. The results showed that HMME and AE in the presence of light effectively inactivated M. furfur cells in a photosensitizer (PS) concentration and light energy dose-dependent manner. AE exhibited higher antimicrobial efficacy against M. furfur than HMME under the same irradiation condition. HMME and AE-mediated aPDT disturbed the fungal cell envelop, significantly increased the intracellular ROS level, and effectively inhibited the activity of secreted protease and lipase of M. furfur cells. The results suggest that HMME and AE have potential to serve as PSs in the photodynamic treatment of dermatological diseases caused by M. furfur, but further ex vivo or in vivo experiments are needed to verify that they can meet the requirements for clinical practice.Zixin CuiMiaomiao ZhangSongmei GengXinwu NiuXiaopeng WangYanyan ZhuFeng YeChengcheng LiuFrontiers Media S.A.articleMalassezia furfurphotodynamic antimicrobial effecthaematoporphyrin monomethyl etheraloe emodinprotease and lipaseMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Malassezia furfur photodynamic antimicrobial effect haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether aloe emodin protease and lipase Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Malassezia furfur photodynamic antimicrobial effect haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether aloe emodin protease and lipase Microbiology QR1-502 Zixin Cui Miaomiao Zhang Songmei Geng Xinwu Niu Xiaopeng Wang Yanyan Zhu Feng Ye Chengcheng Liu Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur
description	Infectious dermatological diseases caused by Malassezia furfur are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated with adverse effects. Alternatives that broaden the treatment options and reduce side effects for patients are needed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging approach that is quite suitable for superficial infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and effect of aPDT mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and aloe emodin (AE) on clinical isolates of M. furfur in vitro. The photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of HMME and AE against M. furfur was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The uptake of HMME and AE by M. furfur cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the intracellular ROS level. The effect of HMME and AE-mediated aPDT on secreted protease and lipase activity of M. furfur was also investigated. The results showed that HMME and AE in the presence of light effectively inactivated M. furfur cells in a photosensitizer (PS) concentration and light energy dose-dependent manner. AE exhibited higher antimicrobial efficacy against M. furfur than HMME under the same irradiation condition. HMME and AE-mediated aPDT disturbed the fungal cell envelop, significantly increased the intracellular ROS level, and effectively inhibited the activity of secreted protease and lipase of M. furfur cells. The results suggest that HMME and AE have potential to serve as PSs in the photodynamic treatment of dermatological diseases caused by M. furfur, but further ex vivo or in vivo experiments are needed to verify that they can meet the requirements for clinical practice.
format	article
author	Zixin Cui Miaomiao Zhang Songmei Geng Xinwu Niu Xiaopeng Wang Yanyan Zhu Feng Ye Chengcheng Liu
author_facet	Zixin Cui Miaomiao Zhang Songmei Geng Xinwu Niu Xiaopeng Wang Yanyan Zhu Feng Ye Chengcheng Liu
author_sort	Zixin Cui
title	Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur
title_short	Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur
title_full	Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur
title_fullStr	Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur
title_full_unstemmed	Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur
title_sort	antifungal effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether and aloe emodin on malassezia furfur
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c305daa6d86046cfbbea94b336d348bc
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Antifungal Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Haematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether and Aloe Emodin on Malassezia furfur

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