Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China

The variation of water quality in long-distance water supply projects is often different from that in natural water bodies, especially the environmental risks of artificial open canal water transfer projects are seldom studied. The spatial heterogeneity of algae growth and the absence of universal r...

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Autores principales:	Chi Zhang, Xizhi Nong, Dongguo Shao, Hua Zhong, Yuming Shang, Jiankui Liang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Risk assessment Copula function Water quality Water transfer project Eutrophication Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c306ba48954c4ec5a3587b277b728c8d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c306ba48954c4ec5a3587b277b728c8d2021-12-01T04:48:26ZMultivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107577https://doaj.org/article/c306ba48954c4ec5a3587b277b728c8d2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21002429https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XThe variation of water quality in long-distance water supply projects is often different from that in natural water bodies, especially the environmental risks of artificial open canal water transfer projects are seldom studied. The spatial heterogeneity of algae growth and the absence of universal reference standards for algae control often lead to water quality problems in these projects. The Middle Route (MR) of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project of China (SNWTPC), the world’s largest inter-basin water transfer project, has operated stably for six years. Its water resources have benefited more than 60 million people and an ecosystem cover more than 160,000 km2. To understand the water environment risk of this mega hydro-project, this study focused on the relationships among three key parameters: water temperature (T), water discharge (Q), flow rate (V) and analyzed the spatial–temporal variation characteristics of the algal cell density (ACD) in the MR of the SNWTPC from January 2016 to December 2018, 36 months in total. The Copula functions were applied to identify and evaluate the multivariate risk variation of the water environment. Our result demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between T and ACD, and the ACD at the downstream has a 50% risk higher than 700 × 104 cell/L in summer. Overall, the water quality status of the MR of the SNWTPC is quite well, and the ACD kept at an average level of 106 cells/L during the monitoring period. Additionally, the ACD increased from upstream to downstream, showing the relatively higher ACD in summer and autumn than in spring and winter, with the ranges of 500 ~ 700 × 104 cells/L and 200 ~ 300 × 104 cells/L, respectively. The water temperature affected the ACD over the early-warning thresholds at different canal sections were as follows: 29, 26, and 21℃ from upstream to downstream, respectively. The influences of the hydrodynamic factors, water discharge and flow rate, impact on the ACD variation were analyzed to achieve the purpose of specific algae control for different canal reaches. Our study verified that the growth probabilities of the ACD under higher water temperature and water discharge in the MR of the SNWTPC than other natural water bodies.Chi ZhangXizhi NongDongguo ShaoHua ZhongYuming ShangJiankui LiangElsevierarticleRisk assessmentCopula functionWater qualityWater transfer projectEutrophicationEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 125, Iss , Pp 107577- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Risk assessment Copula function Water quality Water transfer project Eutrophication Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Risk assessment Copula function Water quality Water transfer project Eutrophication Ecology QH540-549.5 Chi Zhang Xizhi Nong Dongguo Shao Hua Zhong Yuming Shang Jiankui Liang Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China
description	The variation of water quality in long-distance water supply projects is often different from that in natural water bodies, especially the environmental risks of artificial open canal water transfer projects are seldom studied. The spatial heterogeneity of algae growth and the absence of universal reference standards for algae control often lead to water quality problems in these projects. The Middle Route (MR) of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project of China (SNWTPC), the world’s largest inter-basin water transfer project, has operated stably for six years. Its water resources have benefited more than 60 million people and an ecosystem cover more than 160,000 km2. To understand the water environment risk of this mega hydro-project, this study focused on the relationships among three key parameters: water temperature (T), water discharge (Q), flow rate (V) and analyzed the spatial–temporal variation characteristics of the algal cell density (ACD) in the MR of the SNWTPC from January 2016 to December 2018, 36 months in total. The Copula functions were applied to identify and evaluate the multivariate risk variation of the water environment. Our result demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between T and ACD, and the ACD at the downstream has a 50% risk higher than 700 × 104 cell/L in summer. Overall, the water quality status of the MR of the SNWTPC is quite well, and the ACD kept at an average level of 106 cells/L during the monitoring period. Additionally, the ACD increased from upstream to downstream, showing the relatively higher ACD in summer and autumn than in spring and winter, with the ranges of 500 ~ 700 × 104 cells/L and 200 ~ 300 × 104 cells/L, respectively. The water temperature affected the ACD over the early-warning thresholds at different canal sections were as follows: 29, 26, and 21℃ from upstream to downstream, respectively. The influences of the hydrodynamic factors, water discharge and flow rate, impact on the ACD variation were analyzed to achieve the purpose of specific algae control for different canal reaches. Our study verified that the growth probabilities of the ACD under higher water temperature and water discharge in the MR of the SNWTPC than other natural water bodies.
format	article
author	Chi Zhang Xizhi Nong Dongguo Shao Hua Zhong Yuming Shang Jiankui Liang
author_facet	Chi Zhang Xizhi Nong Dongguo Shao Hua Zhong Yuming Shang Jiankui Liang
author_sort	Chi Zhang
title	Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China
title_short	Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China
title_full	Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China
title_fullStr	Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China
title_full_unstemmed	Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China
title_sort	multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: a case study in china
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c306ba48954c4ec5a3587b277b728c8d
work_keys_str_mv	AT chizhang multivariatewaterenvironmentalriskanalysisinlongdistancewatersupplyprojectacasestudyinchina AT xizhinong multivariatewaterenvironmentalriskanalysisinlongdistancewatersupplyprojectacasestudyinchina AT dongguoshao multivariatewaterenvironmentalriskanalysisinlongdistancewatersupplyprojectacasestudyinchina AT huazhong multivariatewaterenvironmentalriskanalysisinlongdistancewatersupplyprojectacasestudyinchina AT yumingshang multivariatewaterenvironmentalriskanalysisinlongdistancewatersupplyprojectacasestudyinchina AT jiankuiliang multivariatewaterenvironmentalriskanalysisinlongdistancewatersupplyprojectacasestudyinchina
_version_	1718405746989727744

Multivariate water environmental risk analysis in long-distance water supply project: A case study in China

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