Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).

Phenotypes of distantly related species may converge through adaptation to similar habitats and/or because they share biological constraints that limit the phenotypic variants produced. A common theme in bats is the sympatric occurrence of cryptic species that are convergent in morphology but diverg...

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Autores principales:	David S Jacobs, Hassan Babiker, Anna Bastian, Teresa Kearney, Rowen van Eeden, Jacqueline M Bishop
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c315b73197c74a00bd7fd9a5772a1e36
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c315b73197c74a00bd7fd9a5772a1e362021-11-18T08:43:41ZPhenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0082614https://doaj.org/article/c315b73197c74a00bd7fd9a5772a1e362013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24312666/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Phenotypes of distantly related species may converge through adaptation to similar habitats and/or because they share biological constraints that limit the phenotypic variants produced. A common theme in bats is the sympatric occurrence of cryptic species that are convergent in morphology but divergent in echolocation frequency, suggesting that echolocation may facilitate niche partitioning, reducing competition. If so, allopatric populations freed from competition, could converge in both morphology and echolocation provided they occupy similar niches or share biological constraints. We investigated the evolutionary history of a widely distributed African horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus darlingi, in the context of phenotypic convergence. We used phylogenetic inference to identify and date lineage divergence together with phenotypic comparisons and ecological niche modelling to identify morphological and geographical correlates of those lineages. Our results indicate that R. darlingi is paraphyletic, the eastern and western parts of its distribution forming two distinct non-sister lineages that diverged ~9.7 Mya. We retain R. darlingi for the eastern lineage and argue that the western lineage, currently the sub-species R. d. damarensis, should be elevated to full species status. R. damarensis comprises two lineages that diverged ~5 Mya. Our findings concur with patterns of divergence of other co-distributed taxa which are associated with increased regional aridification between 7-5 Mya suggesting possible vicariant evolution. The morphology and echolocation calls of R. darlingi and R. damarensis are convergent despite occupying different biomes. This suggests that adaptation to similar habitats is not responsible for the convergence. Furthermore, R. darlingi forms part of a clade comprising species that are bigger and echolocate at lower frequencies than R. darlingi, suggesting that biological constraints are unlikely to have influenced the convergence. Instead, the striking similarity in morphology and sensory biology are probably the result of neutral evolutionary processes, resulting in the independent evolution of similar phenotypes.David S JacobsHassan BabikerAnna BastianTeresa KearneyRowen van EedenJacqueline M BishopPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e82614 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q David S Jacobs Hassan Babiker Anna Bastian Teresa Kearney Rowen van Eeden Jacqueline M Bishop Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).
description	Phenotypes of distantly related species may converge through adaptation to similar habitats and/or because they share biological constraints that limit the phenotypic variants produced. A common theme in bats is the sympatric occurrence of cryptic species that are convergent in morphology but divergent in echolocation frequency, suggesting that echolocation may facilitate niche partitioning, reducing competition. If so, allopatric populations freed from competition, could converge in both morphology and echolocation provided they occupy similar niches or share biological constraints. We investigated the evolutionary history of a widely distributed African horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus darlingi, in the context of phenotypic convergence. We used phylogenetic inference to identify and date lineage divergence together with phenotypic comparisons and ecological niche modelling to identify morphological and geographical correlates of those lineages. Our results indicate that R. darlingi is paraphyletic, the eastern and western parts of its distribution forming two distinct non-sister lineages that diverged ~9.7 Mya. We retain R. darlingi for the eastern lineage and argue that the western lineage, currently the sub-species R. d. damarensis, should be elevated to full species status. R. damarensis comprises two lineages that diverged ~5 Mya. Our findings concur with patterns of divergence of other co-distributed taxa which are associated with increased regional aridification between 7-5 Mya suggesting possible vicariant evolution. The morphology and echolocation calls of R. darlingi and R. damarensis are convergent despite occupying different biomes. This suggests that adaptation to similar habitats is not responsible for the convergence. Furthermore, R. darlingi forms part of a clade comprising species that are bigger and echolocate at lower frequencies than R. darlingi, suggesting that biological constraints are unlikely to have influenced the convergence. Instead, the striking similarity in morphology and sensory biology are probably the result of neutral evolutionary processes, resulting in the independent evolution of similar phenotypes.
format	article
author	David S Jacobs Hassan Babiker Anna Bastian Teresa Kearney Rowen van Eeden Jacqueline M Bishop
author_facet	David S Jacobs Hassan Babiker Anna Bastian Teresa Kearney Rowen van Eeden Jacqueline M Bishop
author_sort	David S Jacobs
title	Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).
title_short	Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).
title_full	Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).
title_fullStr	Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).
title_full_unstemmed	Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).
title_sort	phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a rhinolophus species complex (mammalia, chiroptera).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/c315b73197c74a00bd7fd9a5772a1e36
work_keys_str_mv	AT davidsjacobs phenotypicconvergenceingeneticallydistinctlineagesofarhinolophusspeciescomplexmammaliachiroptera AT hassanbabiker phenotypicconvergenceingeneticallydistinctlineagesofarhinolophusspeciescomplexmammaliachiroptera AT annabastian phenotypicconvergenceingeneticallydistinctlineagesofarhinolophusspeciescomplexmammaliachiroptera AT teresakearney phenotypicconvergenceingeneticallydistinctlineagesofarhinolophusspeciescomplexmammaliachiroptera AT rowenvaneeden phenotypicconvergenceingeneticallydistinctlineagesofarhinolophusspeciescomplexmammaliachiroptera AT jacquelinembishop phenotypicconvergenceingeneticallydistinctlineagesofarhinolophusspeciescomplexmammaliachiroptera
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Phenotypic convergence in genetically distinct lineages of a Rhinolophus species complex (Mammalia, Chiroptera).

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