Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol

A variable area nozzle integrated into the design of a high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine effectively saves up to 10% in aircraft fuel consumption. Additionally, noise emissions can be lowered at airports during take-off and landing by having better control of the nozzle diameter. Shape memory capabi...

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Autores principales:	Ateekh Ur Rehman, Nagumothu Kishore Babu, Mahesh Kumar Talari, Yusuf Usmani, Hisham Alkhalefah
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	friction welding Ti-6Al-4V Nitinol intermetallic compound fractography dissimilar metal joining Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c3263f1204794d2fb90c72277e97be3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c3263f1204794d2fb90c72277e97be3b2021-11-25T16:35:24ZCharacterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol10.3390/app1122106802076-3417https://doaj.org/article/c3263f1204794d2fb90c72277e97be3b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10680https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417A variable area nozzle integrated into the design of a high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine effectively saves up to 10% in aircraft fuel consumption. Additionally, noise emissions can be lowered at airports during take-off and landing by having better control of the nozzle diameter. Shape memory capabilities of Nitinol alloys could be availed in the form of actuators in the construction of such a nozzle. However, these Nitinol actuators must be joined to Ti-6Al-4V, a prominent alloy making up most of the rest of the nozzle. Because of the huge differences in the physical and metallurgical properties of these alloys, fusion welding is not as effective as solid-state welding. In the current study, a linear friction welding process was adopted to join Ti-6Al-4V to Nitinol successfully. The effect of friction welding on the evolution of weld macro and microstructures; hardness and tensile properties were studied and discussed. The macrostructure of Ti-6Al-4V and Nitinol’s dissimilar joint revealed flash formation mainly on the Ti-6Al-4V side due to its reduced flow strength at high temperatures. Optical microstructures revealed fine grains in Ti-6Al-4V immediately adjacent to the interface due to dynamic recrystallisation and strain hardening effects. In contrast, Nitinol remained mostly unaffected. An intermetallic compound (Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni) was seen to have formed at the interface due to the extreme rubbing action, and these adversely influenced the tensile strength and elongation values of the joints.Ateekh Ur RehmanNagumothu Kishore BabuMahesh Kumar TalariYusuf UsmaniHisham AlkhalefahMDPI AGarticlefriction weldingTi-6Al-4VNitinolintermetallic compoundfractographydissimilar metal joiningTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10680, p 10680 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	friction welding Ti-6Al-4V Nitinol intermetallic compound fractography dissimilar metal joining Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	friction welding Ti-6Al-4V Nitinol intermetallic compound fractography dissimilar metal joining Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Ateekh Ur Rehman Nagumothu Kishore Babu Mahesh Kumar Talari Yusuf Usmani Hisham Alkhalefah Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol
description	A variable area nozzle integrated into the design of a high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine effectively saves up to 10% in aircraft fuel consumption. Additionally, noise emissions can be lowered at airports during take-off and landing by having better control of the nozzle diameter. Shape memory capabilities of Nitinol alloys could be availed in the form of actuators in the construction of such a nozzle. However, these Nitinol actuators must be joined to Ti-6Al-4V, a prominent alloy making up most of the rest of the nozzle. Because of the huge differences in the physical and metallurgical properties of these alloys, fusion welding is not as effective as solid-state welding. In the current study, a linear friction welding process was adopted to join Ti-6Al-4V to Nitinol successfully. The effect of friction welding on the evolution of weld macro and microstructures; hardness and tensile properties were studied and discussed. The macrostructure of Ti-6Al-4V and Nitinol’s dissimilar joint revealed flash formation mainly on the Ti-6Al-4V side due to its reduced flow strength at high temperatures. Optical microstructures revealed fine grains in Ti-6Al-4V immediately adjacent to the interface due to dynamic recrystallisation and strain hardening effects. In contrast, Nitinol remained mostly unaffected. An intermetallic compound (Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni) was seen to have formed at the interface due to the extreme rubbing action, and these adversely influenced the tensile strength and elongation values of the joints.
format	article
author	Ateekh Ur Rehman Nagumothu Kishore Babu Mahesh Kumar Talari Yusuf Usmani Hisham Alkhalefah
author_facet	Ateekh Ur Rehman Nagumothu Kishore Babu Mahesh Kumar Talari Yusuf Usmani Hisham Alkhalefah
author_sort	Ateekh Ur Rehman
title	Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol
title_short	Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol
title_full	Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol
title_fullStr	Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol
title_full_unstemmed	Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol
title_sort	characterisation of microstructure and mechanical properties of linear friction welded α+β titanium alloy to nitinol
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c3263f1204794d2fb90c72277e97be3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT ateekhurrehman characterisationofmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesoflinearfrictionweldedabtitaniumalloytonitinol AT nagumothukishorebabu characterisationofmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesoflinearfrictionweldedabtitaniumalloytonitinol AT maheshkumartalari characterisationofmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesoflinearfrictionweldedabtitaniumalloytonitinol AT yusufusmani characterisationofmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesoflinearfrictionweldedabtitaniumalloytonitinol AT hishamalkhalefah characterisationofmicrostructureandmechanicalpropertiesoflinearfrictionweldedabtitaniumalloytonitinol
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Characterisation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded α+β Titanium Alloy to Nitinol

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