Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults

ABSTRACT More than 1,000 different species of microbes have been found to live within the human oral cavity, where they play important roles in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Several studies have identified the core members of this microbial community; however, the factors that determine...

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Autores principales:	Jacob T. Nearing, Vanessa DeClercq, Johan Van Limbergen, Morgan G. I. Langille
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	16S rRNA microbiome oral microbiology Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c32863360db04d9dbbf1d692ee582d33
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c32863360db04d9dbbf1d692ee582d332021-11-15T15:30:59ZAssessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults10.1128/mSphere.00451-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/c32863360db04d9dbbf1d692ee582d332020-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00451-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT More than 1,000 different species of microbes have been found to live within the human oral cavity, where they play important roles in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Several studies have identified the core members of this microbial community; however, the factors that determine oral microbiome composition are not well understood. In this study, we exam the salivary oral microbiome of 1,049 Atlantic Canadians using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine which dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric features play a role in shaping microbial community composition. Features that were identified as being significantly associated with overall composition then were additionally examined for genera, amplicon sequence variants, and predicted pathway abundances that were associated with these features. Several associations were replicated in an additional secondary validation data set. Overall, we found that several anthropometric measurements, including waist-hip ratio (WHR), height, and fat-free mass, as well as age and sex, were associated with overall oral microbiome structure in both our exploratory and validation data sets. We were unable to validate any dietary impacts on overall taxonomic oral microbiome composition but did find evidence to suggest potential contributions from factors such as the number of vegetable and refined grain servings an individual consumes. Interestingly, each one of these factors on its own was associated with only minor shifts in the overall taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome, suggesting that future biomarker identification for several diseases associated with the oral microbiome can be undertaken without the worry of confounding factors obscuring biological signals. IMPORTANCE The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition, no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encouraged by the lack of strong confounding factors.Jacob T. NearingVanessa DeClercqJohan Van LimbergenMorgan G. I. LangilleAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticle16S rRNAmicrobiomeoral microbiologyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 5 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	16S rRNA microbiome oral microbiology Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	16S rRNA microbiome oral microbiology Microbiology QR1-502 Jacob T. Nearing Vanessa DeClercq Johan Van Limbergen Morgan G. I. Langille Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
description	ABSTRACT More than 1,000 different species of microbes have been found to live within the human oral cavity, where they play important roles in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Several studies have identified the core members of this microbial community; however, the factors that determine oral microbiome composition are not well understood. In this study, we exam the salivary oral microbiome of 1,049 Atlantic Canadians using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine which dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric features play a role in shaping microbial community composition. Features that were identified as being significantly associated with overall composition then were additionally examined for genera, amplicon sequence variants, and predicted pathway abundances that were associated with these features. Several associations were replicated in an additional secondary validation data set. Overall, we found that several anthropometric measurements, including waist-hip ratio (WHR), height, and fat-free mass, as well as age and sex, were associated with overall oral microbiome structure in both our exploratory and validation data sets. We were unable to validate any dietary impacts on overall taxonomic oral microbiome composition but did find evidence to suggest potential contributions from factors such as the number of vegetable and refined grain servings an individual consumes. Interestingly, each one of these factors on its own was associated with only minor shifts in the overall taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome, suggesting that future biomarker identification for several diseases associated with the oral microbiome can be undertaken without the worry of confounding factors obscuring biological signals. IMPORTANCE The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition, no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encouraged by the lack of strong confounding factors.
format	article
author	Jacob T. Nearing Vanessa DeClercq Johan Van Limbergen Morgan G. I. Langille
author_facet	Jacob T. Nearing Vanessa DeClercq Johan Van Limbergen Morgan G. I. Langille
author_sort	Jacob T. Nearing
title	Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
title_short	Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
title_full	Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
title_fullStr	Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults
title_sort	assessing the variation within the oral microbiome of healthy adults
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/c32863360db04d9dbbf1d692ee582d33
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Assessing the Variation within the Oral Microbiome of Healthy Adults

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