The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components

Abstract Background Centipedes are terrestrial, predatory arthropods with specialized sensory organs. However, many aspects of their sensory biology are still unknown. This also concerns hygroreception, which is especially important for centipedes, as their epicuticle is thin and they lose water rap...

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Autores principales:	Andy Sombke, Jörg Rosenberg, Gero Hilken, Carsten H. G. Müller
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Antenna Electron microscopy Evolution Mandibulata Cone- and peg-shaped sensilla Recto-canal epidermal glands Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c32ae557ce294e5c82f6539d9367a998
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c32ae557ce294e5c82f6539d9367a9982021-11-08T10:58:49ZThe antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components10.1186/s12983-021-00442-91742-9994https://doaj.org/article/c32ae557ce294e5c82f6539d9367a9982021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-021-00442-9https://doaj.org/toc/1742-9994Abstract Background Centipedes are terrestrial, predatory arthropods with specialized sensory organs. However, many aspects of their sensory biology are still unknown. This also concerns hygroreception, which is especially important for centipedes, as their epicuticle is thin and they lose water rapidly at low humidity. Thus, the detection of humid places is vital but to date no definite hygroreceptor was found in centipedes. House centipedes (Scutigeromorpha) possess a peculiar opening at the base of their antenna, termed ‘scape organ’, that houses up to 15 cone-shaped sensilla in a cavity. Lacking wall and tip-pores, these socket-less sensilla may be hypothesized to function as hygroreceptors similar to those found in hexapods. Results The cone-shaped sensilla in the scape organ as well as nearby peg-shaped sensilla are composed of three biciliated receptor cells and three sheath cells. A tip-pore is present but plugged by a highly electron-dense secretion, which also overlays the entire inner surface of the cavity. Several solitary recto-canal epidermal glands produce the secretion. Receptor cell type 1 (two cells in cone-shaped sensilla, one cell in peg-shaped sensilla) possesses two long dendritic outer segments that project to the terminal pore. Receptor cell type 2 (one cell in both sensilla) possesses two shorter dendritic outer segments connected to the first (proximal) sheath cell that establishes a scolopale-like structure, documented for the first time in detail in a myriapod sensillum. Conclusions The nearly identical configuration of receptor cells 1 with their long dendritic outer segments in both sensilla is similar to hexapod hygroreceptors. In Scutigera coleoptrata, however, the mechanism of stimulus transduction is different. Water vapor may lead to swelling and subsequent elongation of the plug pin that enters the terminal pore, thus causing stimulation of the elongated dendritic outer segments. The interconnection of receptor cell 2 with short outer dendritic segments to a scolopale-like structure potentially suits both sensilla for vibration or strain detection. Thus, both sensilla located at the antennal base of scutigeromorph centipedes fulfill a dual function.Andy SombkeJörg RosenbergGero HilkenCarsten H. G. MüllerBMCarticleAntennaElectron microscopyEvolutionMandibulataCone- and peg-shaped sensillaRecto-canal epidermal glandsZoologyQL1-991ENFrontiers in Zoology, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-23 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Antenna Electron microscopy Evolution Mandibulata Cone- and peg-shaped sensilla Recto-canal epidermal glands Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	Antenna Electron microscopy Evolution Mandibulata Cone- and peg-shaped sensilla Recto-canal epidermal glands Zoology QL1-991 Andy Sombke Jörg Rosenberg Gero Hilken Carsten H. G. Müller The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components
description	Abstract Background Centipedes are terrestrial, predatory arthropods with specialized sensory organs. However, many aspects of their sensory biology are still unknown. This also concerns hygroreception, which is especially important for centipedes, as their epicuticle is thin and they lose water rapidly at low humidity. Thus, the detection of humid places is vital but to date no definite hygroreceptor was found in centipedes. House centipedes (Scutigeromorpha) possess a peculiar opening at the base of their antenna, termed ‘scape organ’, that houses up to 15 cone-shaped sensilla in a cavity. Lacking wall and tip-pores, these socket-less sensilla may be hypothesized to function as hygroreceptors similar to those found in hexapods. Results The cone-shaped sensilla in the scape organ as well as nearby peg-shaped sensilla are composed of three biciliated receptor cells and three sheath cells. A tip-pore is present but plugged by a highly electron-dense secretion, which also overlays the entire inner surface of the cavity. Several solitary recto-canal epidermal glands produce the secretion. Receptor cell type 1 (two cells in cone-shaped sensilla, one cell in peg-shaped sensilla) possesses two long dendritic outer segments that project to the terminal pore. Receptor cell type 2 (one cell in both sensilla) possesses two shorter dendritic outer segments connected to the first (proximal) sheath cell that establishes a scolopale-like structure, documented for the first time in detail in a myriapod sensillum. Conclusions The nearly identical configuration of receptor cells 1 with their long dendritic outer segments in both sensilla is similar to hexapod hygroreceptors. In Scutigera coleoptrata, however, the mechanism of stimulus transduction is different. Water vapor may lead to swelling and subsequent elongation of the plug pin that enters the terminal pore, thus causing stimulation of the elongated dendritic outer segments. The interconnection of receptor cell 2 with short outer dendritic segments to a scolopale-like structure potentially suits both sensilla for vibration or strain detection. Thus, both sensilla located at the antennal base of scutigeromorph centipedes fulfill a dual function.
format	article
author	Andy Sombke Jörg Rosenberg Gero Hilken Carsten H. G. Müller
author_facet	Andy Sombke Jörg Rosenberg Gero Hilken Carsten H. G. Müller
author_sort	Andy Sombke
title	The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components
title_short	The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components
title_full	The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components
title_fullStr	The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components
title_full_unstemmed	The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components
title_sort	antennal scape organ of scutigera coleoptrata (myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c32ae557ce294e5c82f6539d9367a998
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The antennal scape organ of Scutigera coleoptrata (Myriapoda) and a new type of arthropod tip-pore sensilla integrating scolopidial components

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