Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height

Chang-Yong Ko,* Sol-Bi Kim,* Hyuk-Jae Choi, Yunhee Chang, Sungjae Kang, Yoon Heo, Jeicheong Ryu, Gyoosuk Kim, Museong Mun Korea Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Research Center, Incheon, South Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Patients with hand and/or wrist pathology...

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Autores principales:	Ko CY, Kim SB, Choi HJ, Chang Y, Kang S, Heo Y, Ryu J, Kim G, Mun M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	armrest height forearm four-wheeled walker with armrest plantar foot weight-bearing Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c367bb796ffe4821905cbfb4734fd10e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c367bb796ffe4821905cbfb4734fd10e2021-12-02T07:59:06ZAssessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/c367bb796ffe4821905cbfb4734fd10e2014-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/assessment-of-forearm-and-plantar-foot-load-in-the-elderly-using-a-fou-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Chang-Yong Ko,* Sol-Bi Kim,* Hyuk-Jae Choi, Yunhee Chang, Sungjae Kang, Yoon Heo, Jeicheong Ryu, Gyoosuk Kim, Museong Mun Korea Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Research Center, Incheon, South Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Patients with hand and/or wrist pathology are recommended to have a four-wheeled walker with an arm rest (FWW-AR) rather than a standard walker or a standard four-wheeled walker (FWW). However, only a few quantitative studies have been performed to compare upper and lower extremity weight bearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate forearm and foot weight bearing using a FWW-AR and the effect of the armrest height.Methods: Eleven elderly women (mean age 80.1±5.3 years; mean height 148.5±4.0 cm; mean weight 51.2±9.0 kg) were enrolled. The subjects walked with an FWW-AR, with the elbow in either 90 degree (D90) or 130 degree (D130) flexion, for a distance of 10 m. Surface electromyographic signals were recorded for the upper, middle, and lower trapezius, anterior deltoid, and erector spinae muscles; walking velocity was measured with the subjects weight bearing on their feet and forearms while walking. Simultaneously, the maximum plantar and forearm loads during walking with an FWW-AR were measured.Results: The normalized foot plantar loads were lower at D90 than at D130, while the normalized forearm load was higher at D90 than at D130 (all P<0.05; left foot, 7.9±0.1 N/kg versus 8.8±0.1 N/kg; right foot, 8.6±0.2 N/kg versus. 9.6±0.1 N/kg; left forearm, 1.8±0.5 N/kg versus 0.8±0.2 N/kg; and right forearm, 2.0±0.5 N/kg versus 1.0±0.2 N/kg, respectively). The surface electromyographic activity of the muscles involved in shoulder elevation and the walking velocity were both lower with the elbow at D90 than at D130 (all P<0.05; left upper trapezius, 98.7%±19.5% versus 132.6%±16.9%; right upper trapezius, 83.4%±10.6% versus 108.1%±10.5%; left anterior deltoid, 94.1%±12.8% versus 158.6%±40.4%; right anterior deltoid, 99.1%±15.0% versus 151.9%±19.4%; and velocity, 0.6±0.1 m/sec versus 0.7±0.1 m/sec, respectively).Conclusion: Weight bearing on the lower extremities is significantly reduced when the upper extremities are supported during walking with an FWW-AR. Furthermore, the weight bearing profile is dependent on the armrest height. Keywords: armrest height, forearm, four-wheeled walker with armrest, plantar foot, weight bearingKo CYKim SBChoi HJChang YKang SHeo YRyu JKim GMun MDove Medical Pressarticlearmrest heightforearmfour-wheeled walker with armrestplantar footweight-bearingGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 9, Pp 1759-1765 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	armrest height forearm four-wheeled walker with armrest plantar foot weight-bearing Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	armrest height forearm four-wheeled walker with armrest plantar foot weight-bearing Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Ko CY Kim SB Choi HJ Chang Y Kang S Heo Y Ryu J Kim G Mun M Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height
description	Chang-Yong Ko,* Sol-Bi Kim,* Hyuk-Jae Choi, Yunhee Chang, Sungjae Kang, Yoon Heo, Jeicheong Ryu, Gyoosuk Kim, Museong Mun Korea Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Research Center, Incheon, South Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Patients with hand and/or wrist pathology are recommended to have a four-wheeled walker with an arm rest (FWW-AR) rather than a standard walker or a standard four-wheeled walker (FWW). However, only a few quantitative studies have been performed to compare upper and lower extremity weight bearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate forearm and foot weight bearing using a FWW-AR and the effect of the armrest height.Methods: Eleven elderly women (mean age 80.1±5.3 years; mean height 148.5±4.0 cm; mean weight 51.2±9.0 kg) were enrolled. The subjects walked with an FWW-AR, with the elbow in either 90 degree (D90) or 130 degree (D130) flexion, for a distance of 10 m. Surface electromyographic signals were recorded for the upper, middle, and lower trapezius, anterior deltoid, and erector spinae muscles; walking velocity was measured with the subjects weight bearing on their feet and forearms while walking. Simultaneously, the maximum plantar and forearm loads during walking with an FWW-AR were measured.Results: The normalized foot plantar loads were lower at D90 than at D130, while the normalized forearm load was higher at D90 than at D130 (all P<0.05; left foot, 7.9±0.1 N/kg versus 8.8±0.1 N/kg; right foot, 8.6±0.2 N/kg versus. 9.6±0.1 N/kg; left forearm, 1.8±0.5 N/kg versus 0.8±0.2 N/kg; and right forearm, 2.0±0.5 N/kg versus 1.0±0.2 N/kg, respectively). The surface electromyographic activity of the muscles involved in shoulder elevation and the walking velocity were both lower with the elbow at D90 than at D130 (all P<0.05; left upper trapezius, 98.7%±19.5% versus 132.6%±16.9%; right upper trapezius, 83.4%±10.6% versus 108.1%±10.5%; left anterior deltoid, 94.1%±12.8% versus 158.6%±40.4%; right anterior deltoid, 99.1%±15.0% versus 151.9%±19.4%; and velocity, 0.6±0.1 m/sec versus 0.7±0.1 m/sec, respectively).Conclusion: Weight bearing on the lower extremities is significantly reduced when the upper extremities are supported during walking with an FWW-AR. Furthermore, the weight bearing profile is dependent on the armrest height. Keywords: armrest height, forearm, four-wheeled walker with armrest, plantar foot, weight bearing
format	article
author	Ko CY Kim SB Choi HJ Chang Y Kang S Heo Y Ryu J Kim G Mun M
author_facet	Ko CY Kim SB Choi HJ Chang Y Kang S Heo Y Ryu J Kim G Mun M
author_sort	Ko CY
title	Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height
title_short	Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height
title_full	Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height
title_fullStr	Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height
title_sort	assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/c367bb796ffe4821905cbfb4734fd10e
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Assessment of forearm and plantar foot load in the elderly using a four-wheeled walker with armrest and the effect of armrest height

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