Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments

ABSTRACT Different species exposed to a common stress may adapt by mutations in shared pathways or in unique systems, depending on how past environments have molded their genomes. Understanding how diverse bacterial pathogens evolve in response to an antimicrobial treatment is a pressing example of...

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Autores principales:	Michelle R. Scribner, Alfonso Santos-Lopez, Christopher W. Marshall, Christopher Deitrick, Vaughn S. Cooper
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Acinetobacter Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminoglycoside drug resistance evolution population genetics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c367e4abe4e54610aefdfd6b506f56bf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c367e4abe4e54610aefdfd6b506f56bf2021-11-15T15:56:47ZParallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments10.1128/mBio.00932-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/c367e4abe4e54610aefdfd6b506f56bf2020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00932-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Different species exposed to a common stress may adapt by mutations in shared pathways or in unique systems, depending on how past environments have molded their genomes. Understanding how diverse bacterial pathogens evolve in response to an antimicrobial treatment is a pressing example of this problem, where discovery of molecular parallelism could lead to clinically useful predictions. Evolution experiments with pathogens in environments containing antibiotics, combined with periodic whole-population genome sequencing, can be used to identify many contending routes to antimicrobial resistance. We separately propagated two clinically relevant Gram-negative pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, in increasing concentrations of tobramycin in two different environments each: planktonic and biofilm. Independently of the pathogen, the populations adapted to tobramycin selection by parallel evolution of mutations in fusA1, encoding elongation factor G, and ptsP, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase. As neither gene is a direct target of this aminoglycoside, mutations to either are unexpected and underreported causes of resistance. Additionally, both species acquired antibiotic resistance-associated mutations that were more prevalent in the biofilm lifestyle than in the planktonic lifestyle; these mutations were in electron transport chain components in A. baumannii and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis enzymes in P. aeruginosa populations. Using existing databases, we discovered site-specific parallelism of fusA1 mutations that extends across bacterial phyla and clinical isolates. This study suggests that strong selective pressures, such as antibiotic treatment, may result in high levels of predictability in molecular targets of evolution, despite differences between organisms’ genetic backgrounds and environments. IMPORTANCE The rise of antimicrobial resistance is a leading medical threat, motivating efforts to forecast both its evolutionary dynamics and its genetic causes. Aminoglycosides are a major class of antibiotics that disrupt translation, but resistance may occur by a number of mechanisms. Here, we show the repeated evolution of resistance to the aminoglycoside tobramycin in both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii via mutations in fusA1, encoding elongation factor G, and ptsP, encoding the nitrogen-specific phosphotransferase system. Laboratory evolution and whole-population genome sequencing were used to identify these targets, but mutations at identical amino acid positions were also found in published genomes of diverse bacterial species and clinical isolates. We also identified other resistance mechanisms associated with growth in biofilms that likely interfere with drug binding or uptake. Characterizing the evolution of multiple species in the presence of antibiotics can identify new, repeatable causes of resistance that may be predicted and counteracted by alternative treatment.Michelle R. ScribnerAlfonso Santos-LopezChristopher W. MarshallChristopher DeitrickVaughn S. CooperAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleAcinetobacterPseudomonas aeruginosaaminoglycosidedrug resistance evolutionpopulation geneticsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 3 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Acinetobacter Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminoglycoside drug resistance evolution population genetics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Acinetobacter Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminoglycoside drug resistance evolution population genetics Microbiology QR1-502 Michelle R. Scribner Alfonso Santos-Lopez Christopher W. Marshall Christopher Deitrick Vaughn S. Cooper Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments
description	ABSTRACT Different species exposed to a common stress may adapt by mutations in shared pathways or in unique systems, depending on how past environments have molded their genomes. Understanding how diverse bacterial pathogens evolve in response to an antimicrobial treatment is a pressing example of this problem, where discovery of molecular parallelism could lead to clinically useful predictions. Evolution experiments with pathogens in environments containing antibiotics, combined with periodic whole-population genome sequencing, can be used to identify many contending routes to antimicrobial resistance. We separately propagated two clinically relevant Gram-negative pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, in increasing concentrations of tobramycin in two different environments each: planktonic and biofilm. Independently of the pathogen, the populations adapted to tobramycin selection by parallel evolution of mutations in fusA1, encoding elongation factor G, and ptsP, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase. As neither gene is a direct target of this aminoglycoside, mutations to either are unexpected and underreported causes of resistance. Additionally, both species acquired antibiotic resistance-associated mutations that were more prevalent in the biofilm lifestyle than in the planktonic lifestyle; these mutations were in electron transport chain components in A. baumannii and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis enzymes in P. aeruginosa populations. Using existing databases, we discovered site-specific parallelism of fusA1 mutations that extends across bacterial phyla and clinical isolates. This study suggests that strong selective pressures, such as antibiotic treatment, may result in high levels of predictability in molecular targets of evolution, despite differences between organisms’ genetic backgrounds and environments. IMPORTANCE The rise of antimicrobial resistance is a leading medical threat, motivating efforts to forecast both its evolutionary dynamics and its genetic causes. Aminoglycosides are a major class of antibiotics that disrupt translation, but resistance may occur by a number of mechanisms. Here, we show the repeated evolution of resistance to the aminoglycoside tobramycin in both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii via mutations in fusA1, encoding elongation factor G, and ptsP, encoding the nitrogen-specific phosphotransferase system. Laboratory evolution and whole-population genome sequencing were used to identify these targets, but mutations at identical amino acid positions were also found in published genomes of diverse bacterial species and clinical isolates. We also identified other resistance mechanisms associated with growth in biofilms that likely interfere with drug binding or uptake. Characterizing the evolution of multiple species in the presence of antibiotics can identify new, repeatable causes of resistance that may be predicted and counteracted by alternative treatment.
format	article
author	Michelle R. Scribner Alfonso Santos-Lopez Christopher W. Marshall Christopher Deitrick Vaughn S. Cooper
author_facet	Michelle R. Scribner Alfonso Santos-Lopez Christopher W. Marshall Christopher Deitrick Vaughn S. Cooper
author_sort	Michelle R. Scribner
title	Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments
title_short	Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments
title_full	Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments
title_fullStr	Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments
title_full_unstemmed	Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments
title_sort	parallel evolution of tobramycin resistance across species and environments
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/c367e4abe4e54610aefdfd6b506f56bf
work_keys_str_mv	AT michellerscribner parallelevolutionoftobramycinresistanceacrossspeciesandenvironments AT alfonsosantoslopez parallelevolutionoftobramycinresistanceacrossspeciesandenvironments AT christopherwmarshall parallelevolutionoftobramycinresistanceacrossspeciesandenvironments AT christopherdeitrick parallelevolutionoftobramycinresistanceacrossspeciesandenvironments AT vaughnscooper parallelevolutionoftobramycinresistanceacrossspeciesandenvironments
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Parallel Evolution of Tobramycin Resistance across Species and Environments

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