Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives

The practice of combining external stimulation therapy alongside stimuli-responsive bio-scaffolds has shown massive potential for tissue engineering applications. One promising example is the combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and electroactive scaffolds because ES could enhance cell adhesio...

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Autores principales:	Maradhana Agung Marsudi, Ridhola Tri Ariski, Arie Wibowo, Glen Cooper, Anggraini Barlian, Riska Rachmantyo, Paulo J. D. S. Bartolo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	additive manufacturing bone cardiac conductive polymers electroactive scaffold muscle Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c372e2ab697245b996b4942124acdd20
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c372e2ab697245b996b4942124acdd202021-11-11T17:00:36ZConductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives10.3390/ijms2221115431422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/c372e2ab697245b996b4942124acdd202021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11543https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The practice of combining external stimulation therapy alongside stimuli-responsive bio-scaffolds has shown massive potential for tissue engineering applications. One promising example is the combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and electroactive scaffolds because ES could enhance cell adhesion and proliferation as well as modulating cellular specialization. Even though electroactive scaffolds have the potential to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering due to their ability to distribute ES directly to the target tissues, the development of effective electroactive scaffolds with specific properties remains a major issue in their practical uses. Conductive polymers (CPs) offer ease of modification that allows for tailoring the scaffold’s various properties, making them an attractive option for conductive component in electroactive scaffolds. This review provides an up-to-date narrative of the progress of CPs-based electroactive scaffolds and the challenge of their use in various tissue engineering applications from biomaterials perspectives. The general issues with CP-based scaffolds relevant to its application as electroactive scaffolds were discussed, followed by a more specific discussion in their applications for specific tissues, including bone, nerve, skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle scaffolds. Furthermore, this review also highlighted the importance of the manufacturing process relative to the scaffold’s performance, with particular emphasis on additive manufacturing, and various strategies to overcome the CPs’ limitations in the development of electroactive scaffolds.Maradhana Agung MarsudiRidhola Tri AriskiArie WibowoGlen CooperAnggraini BarlianRiska RachmantyoPaulo J. D. S. BartoloMDPI AGarticleadditive manufacturingbonecardiacconductive polymerselectroactive scaffoldmuscleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11543, p 11543 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	additive manufacturing bone cardiac conductive polymers electroactive scaffold muscle Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	additive manufacturing bone cardiac conductive polymers electroactive scaffold muscle Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Maradhana Agung Marsudi Ridhola Tri Ariski Arie Wibowo Glen Cooper Anggraini Barlian Riska Rachmantyo Paulo J. D. S. Bartolo Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives
description	The practice of combining external stimulation therapy alongside stimuli-responsive bio-scaffolds has shown massive potential for tissue engineering applications. One promising example is the combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and electroactive scaffolds because ES could enhance cell adhesion and proliferation as well as modulating cellular specialization. Even though electroactive scaffolds have the potential to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering due to their ability to distribute ES directly to the target tissues, the development of effective electroactive scaffolds with specific properties remains a major issue in their practical uses. Conductive polymers (CPs) offer ease of modification that allows for tailoring the scaffold’s various properties, making them an attractive option for conductive component in electroactive scaffolds. This review provides an up-to-date narrative of the progress of CPs-based electroactive scaffolds and the challenge of their use in various tissue engineering applications from biomaterials perspectives. The general issues with CP-based scaffolds relevant to its application as electroactive scaffolds were discussed, followed by a more specific discussion in their applications for specific tissues, including bone, nerve, skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle scaffolds. Furthermore, this review also highlighted the importance of the manufacturing process relative to the scaffold’s performance, with particular emphasis on additive manufacturing, and various strategies to overcome the CPs’ limitations in the development of electroactive scaffolds.
format	article
author	Maradhana Agung Marsudi Ridhola Tri Ariski Arie Wibowo Glen Cooper Anggraini Barlian Riska Rachmantyo Paulo J. D. S. Bartolo
author_facet	Maradhana Agung Marsudi Ridhola Tri Ariski Arie Wibowo Glen Cooper Anggraini Barlian Riska Rachmantyo Paulo J. D. S. Bartolo
author_sort	Maradhana Agung Marsudi
title	Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives
title_short	Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives
title_full	Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives
title_fullStr	Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives
title_sort	conductive polymeric-based electroactive scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: current progress and challenges from biomaterials and manufacturing perspectives
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c372e2ab697245b996b4942124acdd20
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Conductive Polymeric-Based Electroactive Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Current Progress and Challenges from Biomaterials and Manufacturing Perspectives

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