Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a tropical and sub-tropical, vegetative-propagated crop that contributes to approximately 80% of the sugar and 40% of the world’s biofuel production. Modern sugarcane cultivars are highly polyploid and aneuploid hybrids with extremely large genomes (>10 Gigabases...

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Autores principales:	Florencia Budeguer, Ramón Enrique, María Francisca Perera, Josefina Racedo, Atilio Pedro Castagnaro, Aldo Sergio Noguera, Bjorn Welin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	disease resistance drought tolerance herbicide resistance genome editing pest resistance Saccharum hybrids Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c38b6d28770847aba694e5931544bbea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c38b6d28770847aba694e5931544bbea2021-11-11T10:21:16ZGenetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.768609https://doaj.org/article/c38b6d28770847aba694e5931544bbea2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.768609/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a tropical and sub-tropical, vegetative-propagated crop that contributes to approximately 80% of the sugar and 40% of the world’s biofuel production. Modern sugarcane cultivars are highly polyploid and aneuploid hybrids with extremely large genomes (>10 Gigabases), that have originated from artificial crosses between the two species, Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum. The genetic complexity and low fertility of sugarcane under natural growing conditions make traditional breeding improvement extremely laborious, costly and time-consuming. This, together with its vegetative propagation, which allows for stable transfer and multiplication of transgenes, make sugarcane a good candidate for crop improvement through genetic engineering. Genetic transformation has the potential to improve economically important properties in sugarcane as well as diversify sugarcane beyond traditional applications, such as sucrose production. Traits such as herbicide, disease and insect resistance, improved tolerance to cold, salt and drought and accumulation of sugar and biomass have been some of the areas of interest as far as the application of transgenic sugarcane is concerned. Although there have been much interest in developing transgenic sugarcane there are only three officially approved varieties for commercialization, all of them expressing insect-resistance and recently released in Brazil. Since the early 1990’s, different genetic transformation systems have been successfully developed in sugarcane, including electroporation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biobalistics. However, genetic transformation of sugarcane is a very laborious process, which relies heavily on intensive and sophisticated tissue culture and plant generation procedures that must be optimized for each new genotype to be transformed. Therefore, it remains a great technical challenge to develop an efficient transformation protocol for any sugarcane variety that has not been previously transformed. Additionally, once a transgenic event is obtained, molecular studies required for a commercial release by regulatory authorities, which include transgene insertion site, number of transgenes and gene expression levels, are all hindered by the genomic complexity and the lack of a complete sequenced reference genome for this crop. The objective of this review is to summarize current techniques and state of the art in sugarcane transformation and provide information on existing and future sugarcane improvement by genetic engineering.Florencia BudeguerRamón EnriqueMaría Francisca PereraJosefina RacedoAtilio Pedro CastagnaroAtilio Pedro CastagnaroAldo Sergio NogueraBjorn WelinFrontiers Media S.A.articledisease resistancedrought toleranceherbicide resistancegenome editingpest resistanceSaccharum hybridsPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	disease resistance drought tolerance herbicide resistance genome editing pest resistance Saccharum hybrids Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	disease resistance drought tolerance herbicide resistance genome editing pest resistance Saccharum hybrids Plant culture SB1-1110 Florencia Budeguer Ramón Enrique María Francisca Perera Josefina Racedo Atilio Pedro Castagnaro Atilio Pedro Castagnaro Aldo Sergio Noguera Bjorn Welin Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects
description	Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a tropical and sub-tropical, vegetative-propagated crop that contributes to approximately 80% of the sugar and 40% of the world’s biofuel production. Modern sugarcane cultivars are highly polyploid and aneuploid hybrids with extremely large genomes (>10 Gigabases), that have originated from artificial crosses between the two species, Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum. The genetic complexity and low fertility of sugarcane under natural growing conditions make traditional breeding improvement extremely laborious, costly and time-consuming. This, together with its vegetative propagation, which allows for stable transfer and multiplication of transgenes, make sugarcane a good candidate for crop improvement through genetic engineering. Genetic transformation has the potential to improve economically important properties in sugarcane as well as diversify sugarcane beyond traditional applications, such as sucrose production. Traits such as herbicide, disease and insect resistance, improved tolerance to cold, salt and drought and accumulation of sugar and biomass have been some of the areas of interest as far as the application of transgenic sugarcane is concerned. Although there have been much interest in developing transgenic sugarcane there are only three officially approved varieties for commercialization, all of them expressing insect-resistance and recently released in Brazil. Since the early 1990’s, different genetic transformation systems have been successfully developed in sugarcane, including electroporation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biobalistics. However, genetic transformation of sugarcane is a very laborious process, which relies heavily on intensive and sophisticated tissue culture and plant generation procedures that must be optimized for each new genotype to be transformed. Therefore, it remains a great technical challenge to develop an efficient transformation protocol for any sugarcane variety that has not been previously transformed. Additionally, once a transgenic event is obtained, molecular studies required for a commercial release by regulatory authorities, which include transgene insertion site, number of transgenes and gene expression levels, are all hindered by the genomic complexity and the lack of a complete sequenced reference genome for this crop. The objective of this review is to summarize current techniques and state of the art in sugarcane transformation and provide information on existing and future sugarcane improvement by genetic engineering.
format	article
author	Florencia Budeguer Ramón Enrique María Francisca Perera Josefina Racedo Atilio Pedro Castagnaro Atilio Pedro Castagnaro Aldo Sergio Noguera Bjorn Welin
author_facet	Florencia Budeguer Ramón Enrique María Francisca Perera Josefina Racedo Atilio Pedro Castagnaro Atilio Pedro Castagnaro Aldo Sergio Noguera Bjorn Welin
author_sort	Florencia Budeguer
title	Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects
title_short	Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects
title_full	Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects
title_fullStr	Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects
title_sort	genetic transformation of sugarcane, current status and future prospects
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c38b6d28770847aba694e5931544bbea
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Genetic Transformation of Sugarcane, Current Status and Future Prospects

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