Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs

Abstract Background The biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana, is one of the most annoying blood-sucking pests in Taiwan. Current chemical control methods only target the adult, not the immature stages (egg to pupa), of F. taiwana. Discovering new or alternative tactics to enhance or replace existing me...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Mu-En Chen, Mong-Hsun Tsai, Hsiang-Ting Huang, Ching-Chu Tsai, Mei-Ju Chen, Da-Syuan Yang, Teng-Zhi Yang, John Wang, Rong-Nan Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Forcipomyia taiwana Biting midge RNA-seq Melanin Embryo Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c39a1bf6e84b416cbdc9aa36c997b047
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:c39a1bf6e84b416cbdc9aa36c997b047
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c39a1bf6e84b416cbdc9aa36c997b0472021-11-08T10:57:21ZTranscriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs10.1186/s12864-021-08096-x1471-2164https://doaj.org/article/c39a1bf6e84b416cbdc9aa36c997b0472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08096-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164Abstract Background The biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana, is one of the most annoying blood-sucking pests in Taiwan. Current chemical control methods only target the adult, not the immature stages (egg to pupa), of F. taiwana. Discovering new or alternative tactics to enhance or replace existing methods are urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of F. taiwana control. The egg is the least understood life stage in this pest species but may offer a novel point of control as addition of NaCl to the egg environment inhibits development. Thus, the objective of this study was to use RNA profiling to better understand the developmental differences between wild-type melanized (black) and NaCl-induced un-melanized (pink), infertile F. taiwana eggs. Results After de novo assembly with Trinity, 87,415 non-redundant transcripts (Ft-nr) with an N50 of 1099 were obtained. Of these, 26,247 (30%) transcripts were predicted to have long open reading frames (ORFs, defined here as ≥300 nt) and 15,270 (17.5%) transcripts have at least one predicted functional domain. A comparison between two biological replicates each of black and pink egg samples, although limited in sample size, revealed 5898 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 40.9% of the transcripts with long ORFs) with ≥2-fold difference. Of these, 2030 were annotated to a Gene Ontology biological process and along with gene expression patterns can be separated into 5 clusters. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that 1589 transcripts could be assigned to 18 significantly enriched pathways in 2 main categories (metabolism and environmental information processing). As expected, most (88.32%) of these DEGs were down-regulated in the pink eggs. Surprisingly, the majority of genes associated with the pigmentation GO term were up-regulated in the pink egg samples. However, the two key terminal genes of the melanin synthesis pathway, laccase2 and DCE/yellow, were significantly down-regulated, and further verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusion We have assembled and annotated the first egg transcriptome for F. taiwana, a biting midge. Our results suggest that down-regulation of the laccase2 and DCE/yellow genes might be the mechanism responsible for the NaCl-induced inhibition of melanization of F. taiwana eggs.Mu-En ChenMong-Hsun TsaiHsiang-Ting HuangChing-Chu TsaiMei-Ju ChenDa-Syuan YangTeng-Zhi YangJohn WangRong-Nan HuangBMCarticleForcipomyia taiwanaBiting midgeRNA-seqMelaninEmbryoBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65GeneticsQH426-470ENBMC Genomics, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Forcipomyia taiwana Biting midge RNA-seq Melanin Embryo Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Forcipomyia taiwana Biting midge RNA-seq Melanin Embryo Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 Mu-En Chen Mong-Hsun Tsai Hsiang-Ting Huang Ching-Chu Tsai Mei-Ju Chen Da-Syuan Yang Teng-Zhi Yang John Wang Rong-Nan Huang Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs
description	Abstract Background The biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana, is one of the most annoying blood-sucking pests in Taiwan. Current chemical control methods only target the adult, not the immature stages (egg to pupa), of F. taiwana. Discovering new or alternative tactics to enhance or replace existing methods are urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of F. taiwana control. The egg is the least understood life stage in this pest species but may offer a novel point of control as addition of NaCl to the egg environment inhibits development. Thus, the objective of this study was to use RNA profiling to better understand the developmental differences between wild-type melanized (black) and NaCl-induced un-melanized (pink), infertile F. taiwana eggs. Results After de novo assembly with Trinity, 87,415 non-redundant transcripts (Ft-nr) with an N50 of 1099 were obtained. Of these, 26,247 (30%) transcripts were predicted to have long open reading frames (ORFs, defined here as ≥300 nt) and 15,270 (17.5%) transcripts have at least one predicted functional domain. A comparison between two biological replicates each of black and pink egg samples, although limited in sample size, revealed 5898 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 40.9% of the transcripts with long ORFs) with ≥2-fold difference. Of these, 2030 were annotated to a Gene Ontology biological process and along with gene expression patterns can be separated into 5 clusters. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that 1589 transcripts could be assigned to 18 significantly enriched pathways in 2 main categories (metabolism and environmental information processing). As expected, most (88.32%) of these DEGs were down-regulated in the pink eggs. Surprisingly, the majority of genes associated with the pigmentation GO term were up-regulated in the pink egg samples. However, the two key terminal genes of the melanin synthesis pathway, laccase2 and DCE/yellow, were significantly down-regulated, and further verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusion We have assembled and annotated the first egg transcriptome for F. taiwana, a biting midge. Our results suggest that down-regulation of the laccase2 and DCE/yellow genes might be the mechanism responsible for the NaCl-induced inhibition of melanization of F. taiwana eggs.
format	article
author	Mu-En Chen Mong-Hsun Tsai Hsiang-Ting Huang Ching-Chu Tsai Mei-Ju Chen Da-Syuan Yang Teng-Zhi Yang John Wang Rong-Nan Huang
author_facet	Mu-En Chen Mong-Hsun Tsai Hsiang-Ting Huang Ching-Chu Tsai Mei-Ju Chen Da-Syuan Yang Teng-Zhi Yang John Wang Rong-Nan Huang
author_sort	Mu-En Chen
title	Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs
title_short	Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs
title_full	Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs
title_fullStr	Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs
title_sort	transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of nacl-treated forcipomyia taiwana eggs
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c39a1bf6e84b416cbdc9aa36c997b047
work_keys_str_mv	AT muenchen transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT monghsuntsai transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT hsiangtinghuang transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT chingchutsai transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT meijuchen transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT dasyuanyang transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT tengzhiyang transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT johnwang transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs AT rongnanhuang transcriptomeprofilingrevealsthedevelopmentalregulationofnacltreatedforcipomyiataiwanaeggs
_version_	1718442468236591104

Transcriptome profiling reveals the developmental regulation of NaCl-treated Forcipomyia taiwana eggs

Ejemplares similares