Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA

Novel biotechnology on transgenic plants capable of metabolizing phosphite (Phi), a reduced form of P, could improve the effectiveness of P fertilizers and reduce the P footprint in agriculture with the benefit of suppressing weed growth. However, potassium Phi (K-Phi) salts used as fertilizer are h...

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Autores principales:	Ariel A. Szogi, Paul D. Shumaker, Eric D. Billman, Philip J. Bauer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phosphite phosphate fertilization soil phosphite retention phosphorus use efficiency Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c3a3e9bb4af64449880e8e7dc09d2d91
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c3a3e9bb4af64449880e8e7dc09d2d912021-11-25T17:31:09ZLeaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA10.3390/environments81101262076-3298https://doaj.org/article/c3a3e9bb4af64449880e8e7dc09d2d912021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/8/11/126https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298Novel biotechnology on transgenic plants capable of metabolizing phosphite (Phi), a reduced form of P, could improve the effectiveness of P fertilizers and reduce the P footprint in agriculture with the benefit of suppressing weed growth. However, potassium Phi (K-Phi) salts used as fertilizer are highly soluble in water. At the same time, sandy soils of the Southern Coastal Plain are vulnerable to leaching losses resulting from long-term Pi fertilizer application. We performed a replicated leaching trial using five soil materials that included three surface and two subsurface layers from cultivated topsoil (Ap horizon) with contrasting Phi and Pi sorption capacities. Each soil received three treatments K-Phi at rates 0 (control), 24, and 49 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> and leached twice with de-ionized water. All K-Phi-treated soils leached Phi except for the controls. A phosphorus saturation ratio (PSR) calculated from P, Al, and Fe in acid extracts indicated increasing environmental risk of Phi leaching in soils with lower Phi and Pi sorption capacities at rising rates of applied K-Phi. Because plants rapidly absorb Phi, further studies on the environmental impact of K-Phi fertilizer use should include the interaction of plants with soil properties and soil microbial activity at optimal Phi application rates for growing transgenic plants able to use Phi as a nutrient source.Ariel A. SzogiPaul D. ShumakerEric D. BillmanPhilip J. BauerMDPI AGarticlephosphitephosphatefertilizationsoil phosphite retentionphosphorus use efficiencyEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENEnvironments, Vol 8, Iss 126, p 126 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phosphite phosphate fertilization soil phosphite retention phosphorus use efficiency Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	phosphite phosphate fertilization soil phosphite retention phosphorus use efficiency Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Ariel A. Szogi Paul D. Shumaker Eric D. Billman Philip J. Bauer Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
description	Novel biotechnology on transgenic plants capable of metabolizing phosphite (Phi), a reduced form of P, could improve the effectiveness of P fertilizers and reduce the P footprint in agriculture with the benefit of suppressing weed growth. However, potassium Phi (K-Phi) salts used as fertilizer are highly soluble in water. At the same time, sandy soils of the Southern Coastal Plain are vulnerable to leaching losses resulting from long-term Pi fertilizer application. We performed a replicated leaching trial using five soil materials that included three surface and two subsurface layers from cultivated topsoil (Ap horizon) with contrasting Phi and Pi sorption capacities. Each soil received three treatments K-Phi at rates 0 (control), 24, and 49 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup> and leached twice with de-ionized water. All K-Phi-treated soils leached Phi except for the controls. A phosphorus saturation ratio (PSR) calculated from P, Al, and Fe in acid extracts indicated increasing environmental risk of Phi leaching in soils with lower Phi and Pi sorption capacities at rising rates of applied K-Phi. Because plants rapidly absorb Phi, further studies on the environmental impact of K-Phi fertilizer use should include the interaction of plants with soil properties and soil microbial activity at optimal Phi application rates for growing transgenic plants able to use Phi as a nutrient source.
format	article
author	Ariel A. Szogi Paul D. Shumaker Eric D. Billman Philip J. Bauer
author_facet	Ariel A. Szogi Paul D. Shumaker Eric D. Billman Philip J. Bauer
author_sort	Ariel A. Szogi
title	Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
title_short	Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
title_full	Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
title_fullStr	Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
title_full_unstemmed	Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA
title_sort	leaching potential of phosphite fertilizer in sandy soils of the southern coastal plain, usa
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c3a3e9bb4af64449880e8e7dc09d2d91
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Leaching Potential of Phosphite Fertilizer in Sandy Soils of the Southern Coastal Plain, USA

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