Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)

Bee-pollinated lip flowers of two synchronopatric species of <em>Centrosema</em> were used as models to examine the influence of specialized pollination systems on the ecological mechanisms of pollinator sharing. Regression analysis of bee abundances in the habitat on bee abundances on&l...

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Autores principales:	Mauro Ramalho, Maise Silva, Gilson Carvalho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana 2014
Materias:	nectar robber size threshold random interaction bee pollinated flower. Zoology QL1-991 Ecology QH540-549.5 Natural history (General) QH1-278.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c3bf62a18f244fb89463f559b320c04e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c3bf62a18f244fb89463f559b320c04e2021-12-02T12:44:41ZPollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)0361-652510.13102/sociobiology.v61i2.189-197https://doaj.org/article/c3bf62a18f244fb89463f559b320c04e2014-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://periodicos.uefs.br/ojs/index.php/sociobiology/article/view/321https://doaj.org/toc/0361-6525Bee-pollinated lip flowers of two synchronopatric species of <em>Centrosema</em> were used as models to examine the influence of specialized pollination systems on the ecological mechanisms of pollinator sharing. Regression analysis of bee abundances in the habitat on bee abundances on<em> C. pubescens</em> flowers was significant (r = 0.69; P = 0.001) and became very consistent and highly significant (r = 0.87; P = 0.00001) using a size threshold of bee pollinators longer than 15mm. These same relationships were not significant (P > 0.01), however, for <em>C. brasilianum</em> flowers. The structures of the two pollination systems also sustained the hypothesis of a size threshold for pollinators, although only the <em>C. pubescens</em>-bees interactions sustained the hypothesis of random interactions proportional to species abundances in the habitat. The flower visitor pools of the two plant species shared the same four main bee guilds: the pollinators Centridini, <em>Xylocopa</em>, and Euglossini and the primary nectar robber <em>Oxaea</em>. However, a significant divergence (P < 0.01) was detected between the two systems when the abundances and behaviors (pollinators or cheaters) of the main shared flower visitors were incorporated into the overall quantitative analysis (NMDS). The flowers size differences are not significant (P > 0.05) and could not explain these divergences. Particularly, the concentrations of the largest pollinators <em>Eulaema</em> and <em>Xylocopa</em> on <em>C. pubescens</em> flowers and the behavior shift of Centridini bees that act as legitimate pollinators in <em>C. pubescens</em> and as nectar robbers in <em>C. brasilianum</em> are better understood as functional foraging responses triggered by the synchronopatry and by nectar volume differences (P = 0.001) between both lip flowers. Paradoxically, the robbery activity of Centridini bees arises as a supply side effect of smaller nectar volume in <em>C. brasilianum</em> flowers.Mauro RamalhoMaise SilvaGilson CarvalhoUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santanaarticlenectar robbersize thresholdrandom interactionbee pollinated flower.ZoologyQL1-991EcologyQH540-549.5Natural history (General)QH1-278.5ENSociobiology, Vol 61, Iss 2, Pp 189-197 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nectar robber size threshold random interaction bee pollinated flower. Zoology QL1-991 Ecology QH540-549.5 Natural history (General) QH1-278.5
spellingShingle	nectar robber size threshold random interaction bee pollinated flower. Zoology QL1-991 Ecology QH540-549.5 Natural history (General) QH1-278.5 Mauro Ramalho Maise Silva Gilson Carvalho Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)
description	Bee-pollinated lip flowers of two synchronopatric species of <em>Centrosema</em> were used as models to examine the influence of specialized pollination systems on the ecological mechanisms of pollinator sharing. Regression analysis of bee abundances in the habitat on bee abundances on<em> C. pubescens</em> flowers was significant (r = 0.69; P = 0.001) and became very consistent and highly significant (r = 0.87; P = 0.00001) using a size threshold of bee pollinators longer than 15mm. These same relationships were not significant (P > 0.01), however, for <em>C. brasilianum</em> flowers. The structures of the two pollination systems also sustained the hypothesis of a size threshold for pollinators, although only the <em>C. pubescens</em>-bees interactions sustained the hypothesis of random interactions proportional to species abundances in the habitat. The flower visitor pools of the two plant species shared the same four main bee guilds: the pollinators Centridini, <em>Xylocopa</em>, and Euglossini and the primary nectar robber <em>Oxaea</em>. However, a significant divergence (P < 0.01) was detected between the two systems when the abundances and behaviors (pollinators or cheaters) of the main shared flower visitors were incorporated into the overall quantitative analysis (NMDS). The flowers size differences are not significant (P > 0.05) and could not explain these divergences. Particularly, the concentrations of the largest pollinators <em>Eulaema</em> and <em>Xylocopa</em> on <em>C. pubescens</em> flowers and the behavior shift of Centridini bees that act as legitimate pollinators in <em>C. pubescens</em> and as nectar robbers in <em>C. brasilianum</em> are better understood as functional foraging responses triggered by the synchronopatry and by nectar volume differences (P = 0.001) between both lip flowers. Paradoxically, the robbery activity of Centridini bees arises as a supply side effect of smaller nectar volume in <em>C. brasilianum</em> flowers.
format	article
author	Mauro Ramalho Maise Silva Gilson Carvalho
author_facet	Mauro Ramalho Maise Silva Gilson Carvalho
author_sort	Mauro Ramalho
title	Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)
title_short	Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)
title_full	Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)
title_fullStr	Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)
title_full_unstemmed	Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)
title_sort	pollinator sharing in specialized bee pollination systems: a test with the synchronopatric lip flowers of centrosema benth (fabaceae)
publisher	Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/c3bf62a18f244fb89463f559b320c04e
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_version_	1718393708889505792

Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)

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