Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)

The uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous stem turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> is the pleurosternid (Testudinata, Paracryptodira) known by the largest number of specimens worldwide, composing the largest European collection of Lower Cretaceous complete and partial shells for a...

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Autores principales:	Andrea Guerrero, Adán Pérez-García
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Testudinata stem Testudines pleurosternids Mesozoic United Kingdom morphological deviations Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c3c99b2900ea416c926818e90f0433ce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c3c99b2900ea416c926818e90f0433ce2021-11-25T17:22:19ZShell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)10.3390/d131105181424-2818https://doaj.org/article/c3c99b2900ea416c926818e90f0433ce2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/11/518https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818The uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous stem turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> is the pleurosternid (Testudinata, Paracryptodira) known by the largest number of specimens worldwide, composing the largest European collection of Lower Cretaceous complete and partial shells for a turtle taxon. The availability of numerous specimens as well as their generally good preservation allowed for recent detailed characterization of the shell of this species, including states that are variable at the intraspecific level (individual variability, sexual dimorphism, and ontogenetic development). However, extreme cases of morphological variation corresponding to anomalies have not been addressed in detail, neither for <i>P. bullockii</i> nor for any other member of Paracryptodira. In this context, the study of several shell anomalies in <i>P. bullockii</i> is carried out here. Fourteen specimens showing anomalies are recognized and examined here to determine the frequency and distribution of these shell anatomical deviations. All these anomalies are described and figured. The morphogenetic cause of each of them is discussed. As a consequence, a relatively broad spectrum of anomalies is reported for <i>P. bullockii</i>. None of the anomalies seem to present negative consequences for vital activities of the specimens since none compromised the main functions of the shell.Andrea GuerreroAdán Pérez-GarcíaMDPI AGarticleTestudinatastem TestudinespleurosternidsMesozoicUnited Kingdommorphological deviationsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENDiversity, Vol 13, Iss 518, p 518 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Testudinata stem Testudines pleurosternids Mesozoic United Kingdom morphological deviations Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Testudinata stem Testudines pleurosternids Mesozoic United Kingdom morphological deviations Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Andrea Guerrero Adán Pérez-García Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)
description	The uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous stem turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> is the pleurosternid (Testudinata, Paracryptodira) known by the largest number of specimens worldwide, composing the largest European collection of Lower Cretaceous complete and partial shells for a turtle taxon. The availability of numerous specimens as well as their generally good preservation allowed for recent detailed characterization of the shell of this species, including states that are variable at the intraspecific level (individual variability, sexual dimorphism, and ontogenetic development). However, extreme cases of morphological variation corresponding to anomalies have not been addressed in detail, neither for <i>P. bullockii</i> nor for any other member of Paracryptodira. In this context, the study of several shell anomalies in <i>P. bullockii</i> is carried out here. Fourteen specimens showing anomalies are recognized and examined here to determine the frequency and distribution of these shell anatomical deviations. All these anomalies are described and figured. The morphogenetic cause of each of them is discussed. As a consequence, a relatively broad spectrum of anomalies is reported for <i>P. bullockii</i>. None of the anomalies seem to present negative consequences for vital activities of the specimens since none compromised the main functions of the shell.
format	article
author	Andrea Guerrero Adán Pérez-García
author_facet	Andrea Guerrero Adán Pérez-García
author_sort	Andrea Guerrero
title	Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)
title_short	Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)
title_full	Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)
title_fullStr	Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)
title_full_unstemmed	Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)
title_sort	shell anomalies in the european aquatic stem turtle <i>pleurosternon bullockii</i> (paracryptodira, pleurosternidae)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c3c99b2900ea416c926818e90f0433ce
work_keys_str_mv	AT andreaguerrero shellanomaliesintheeuropeanaquaticstemturtleipleurosternonbullockiiiparacryptodirapleurosternidae AT adanperezgarcia shellanomaliesintheeuropeanaquaticstemturtleipleurosternonbullockiiiparacryptodirapleurosternidae
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Shell Anomalies in the European Aquatic Stem Turtle <i>Pleurosternon bullockii</i> (Paracryptodira, Pleurosternidae)

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