What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?

The fate of pathogen indicators (Escherichia coli – EC, intestinal enterococci – IE, RNA-F bacteriophages and spores of sulfite reducing bacteria – SSR) was extensively studied in Parisian large-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), based on conventional activated sludge, biofiltration or membr...

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Autores principales:	R. Mailler, P. Mèche, V. Rocher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	biofiltration mbr pathogen indicators reuse tertiary treatments wastewater Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c3caca347d874a379f654da6f9d071e1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c3caca347d874a379f654da6f9d071e12021-11-06T10:48:26ZWhat removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.004https://doaj.org/article/c3caca347d874a379f654da6f9d071e12021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/83/4/781https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732The fate of pathogen indicators (Escherichia coli – EC, intestinal enterococci – IE, RNA-F bacteriophages and spores of sulfite reducing bacteria – SSR) was extensively studied in Parisian large-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), based on conventional activated sludge, biofiltration or membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes. Between 14 and 87 campaigns were performed between 2014 and 2018 in five WWTPs. High removals of 3 log for both EC and IE, and lower removals of 1–2 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages, were observed in conventional activated sludge and biofiltration WWTPs. The MBR WWTP achieves notably greater removals of 4.5–5.5 log for faecal bacteria and 3–4 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. This WWTP is the only one already in compliance with reuse standards, the other ones being non-compliant because of SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. The implementation of a micro-grain activated carbon process would increase the WWTP removals of 0.8 log for faecal bacteria, due to particles retention, with no significant effect on both other pathogens. Ozonation (0.9–1.3 g O3/g dissolved organic carbon) or performic acid (0.8–1.2 ppm) would have greater benefits with additional removals of 1.5–2.5 log for EC, 1–2 log for IE and 0.5–1 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. Correlations between pathogen indicator removals and initial concentrations were found, as well as a significant decrease of RNA-F bacteriophage concentrations in Parisian raw wastewater, below 2 log. Thus, RNA-F bacteriophages could be a real issue to evaluate the compliance of Parisian wastewater with reuse. The time evolution of removals demonstrated that SSR is the most problematic parameter regarding reuse in conventional activated sludge and biofiltration WWTPs, as its initial concentration is high (5 log) but removals insufficient (<2 log). In contrast, removals of RNA-F bacteriophages greater than 2 log can be obtained within WWTPs completed or not with a tertiary treatment when the initial concentration in raw wastewater is sufficient. Correlations were also found between the removals of pathogen indicators and the removals of physico-chemical parameters, but they are not good enough to allow performance predictions.R. MaillerP. MècheV. RocherIWA Publishingarticlebiofiltrationmbrpathogen indicatorsreusetertiary treatmentswastewaterEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 83, Iss 4, Pp 781-791 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biofiltration mbr pathogen indicators reuse tertiary treatments wastewater Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	biofiltration mbr pathogen indicators reuse tertiary treatments wastewater Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 R. Mailler P. Mèche V. Rocher What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?
description	The fate of pathogen indicators (Escherichia coli – EC, intestinal enterococci – IE, RNA-F bacteriophages and spores of sulfite reducing bacteria – SSR) was extensively studied in Parisian large-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), based on conventional activated sludge, biofiltration or membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes. Between 14 and 87 campaigns were performed between 2014 and 2018 in five WWTPs. High removals of 3 log for both EC and IE, and lower removals of 1–2 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages, were observed in conventional activated sludge and biofiltration WWTPs. The MBR WWTP achieves notably greater removals of 4.5–5.5 log for faecal bacteria and 3–4 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. This WWTP is the only one already in compliance with reuse standards, the other ones being non-compliant because of SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. The implementation of a micro-grain activated carbon process would increase the WWTP removals of 0.8 log for faecal bacteria, due to particles retention, with no significant effect on both other pathogens. Ozonation (0.9–1.3 g O3/g dissolved organic carbon) or performic acid (0.8–1.2 ppm) would have greater benefits with additional removals of 1.5–2.5 log for EC, 1–2 log for IE and 0.5–1 log for SSR and RNA-F bacteriophages. Correlations between pathogen indicator removals and initial concentrations were found, as well as a significant decrease of RNA-F bacteriophage concentrations in Parisian raw wastewater, below 2 log. Thus, RNA-F bacteriophages could be a real issue to evaluate the compliance of Parisian wastewater with reuse. The time evolution of removals demonstrated that SSR is the most problematic parameter regarding reuse in conventional activated sludge and biofiltration WWTPs, as its initial concentration is high (5 log) but removals insufficient (<2 log). In contrast, removals of RNA-F bacteriophages greater than 2 log can be obtained within WWTPs completed or not with a tertiary treatment when the initial concentration in raw wastewater is sufficient. Correlations were also found between the removals of pathogen indicators and the removals of physico-chemical parameters, but they are not good enough to allow performance predictions.
format	article
author	R. Mailler P. Mèche V. Rocher
author_facet	R. Mailler P. Mèche V. Rocher
author_sort	R. Mailler
title	What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?
title_short	What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?
title_full	What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?
title_fullStr	What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?
title_full_unstemmed	What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?
title_sort	what removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in paris conurbation?
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c3caca347d874a379f654da6f9d071e1
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What removals of pathogen indicators can be expected within large-scale wastewater treatment facilities in the context of wastewater reuse in Paris conurbation?

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