Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration

Aysegul Yildiz-Unal,1 Sirin Korulu,2 Arzu Karabay3 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Koçman University, Kötekli, Mugla, Turkey; 2Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul Turkey; 3Department of...

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Autores principales:	Yildiz-Unal A, Korulu S, Karabay A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c3ccb704ca384dd9b139554bca86e43d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c3ccb704ca384dd9b139554bca86e43d2021-12-02T02:06:13ZNeuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/c3ccb704ca384dd9b139554bca86e43d2015-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/neuroprotective-strategies-against-calpain-mediated-neurodegeneration-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021 Aysegul Yildiz-Unal,1 Sirin Korulu,2 Arzu Karabay3 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Koçman University, Kötekli, Mugla, Turkey; 2Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul Turkey; 3Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Abstract: Calpains are calcium-dependent proteolytic enzymes that have deleterious effects on neurons upon their pathological over-activation. According to the results of numerous studies to date, there is no doubt that abnormal calpain activation triggers activation and progression of apoptotic processes in neurodegeneration, leading to neuronal death. Thus, it is very crucial to unravel all the aspects of calpain-mediated neurodegeneration in order to protect neurons through eliminating or at least minimizing its lethal effects. Protecting neurons against calpain-activated apoptosis basically requires developing effective, reliable, and most importantly, therapeutically applicable approaches to succeed. From this aspect, the most significant studies focusing on preventing calpain-mediated neurodegeneration include blocking the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activities, which are closely related to calpain activation; directly inhibiting calpain itself via intrinsic or synthetic calpain inhibitors, or inhibiting its downstream processes; and utilizing the neuroprotectant steroid hormone estrogen and its receptors. In this review, the most remarkable neuroprotective strategies for calpain-mediated neurodegeneration are categorized and summarized with respect to their advantages and disadvantages over one another, in terms of their efficiency and applicability as a therapeutic regimen in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: calpain, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, calpain inhibitors, NMDAR, Speedy/RINGOYildiz-Unal AKorulu SKarabay ADove Medical PressarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 297-310 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Yildiz-Unal A Korulu S Karabay A Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration
description	Aysegul Yildiz-Unal,1 Sirin Korulu,2 Arzu Karabay3 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Koçman University, Kötekli, Mugla, Turkey; 2Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul Turkey; 3Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey Abstract: Calpains are calcium-dependent proteolytic enzymes that have deleterious effects on neurons upon their pathological over-activation. According to the results of numerous studies to date, there is no doubt that abnormal calpain activation triggers activation and progression of apoptotic processes in neurodegeneration, leading to neuronal death. Thus, it is very crucial to unravel all the aspects of calpain-mediated neurodegeneration in order to protect neurons through eliminating or at least minimizing its lethal effects. Protecting neurons against calpain-activated apoptosis basically requires developing effective, reliable, and most importantly, therapeutically applicable approaches to succeed. From this aspect, the most significant studies focusing on preventing calpain-mediated neurodegeneration include blocking the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activities, which are closely related to calpain activation; directly inhibiting calpain itself via intrinsic or synthetic calpain inhibitors, or inhibiting its downstream processes; and utilizing the neuroprotectant steroid hormone estrogen and its receptors. In this review, the most remarkable neuroprotective strategies for calpain-mediated neurodegeneration are categorized and summarized with respect to their advantages and disadvantages over one another, in terms of their efficiency and applicability as a therapeutic regimen in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: calpain, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, calpain inhibitors, NMDAR, Speedy/RINGO
format	article
author	Yildiz-Unal A Korulu S Karabay A
author_facet	Yildiz-Unal A Korulu S Karabay A
author_sort	Yildiz-Unal A
title	Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration
title_short	Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration
title_full	Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration
title_fullStr	Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration
title_full_unstemmed	Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration
title_sort	neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/c3ccb704ca384dd9b139554bca86e43d
work_keys_str_mv	AT yildizunala neuroprotectivestrategiesagainstcalpainmediatedneurodegeneration AT korulus neuroprotectivestrategiesagainstcalpainmediatedneurodegeneration AT karabaya neuroprotectivestrategiesagainstcalpainmediatedneurodegeneration
_version_	1718402733131694080

Neuroprotective strategies against calpain-mediated neurodegeneration

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