Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers

The propagation of electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma, comprising <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><...

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Autores principales:	Wedad Albalawi, Rabia Jahangir, Waqas Masood, Sadah A. Alkhateeb, Samir A. El-Tantawy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	non-Maxwellian plasmas Sagdeev potential a nonlinear Schrödinger equation unmodulated solitary waves rogue waves and breathers Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c3f9fe7d6a9c43968e3072c98c4290d1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c3f9fe7d6a9c43968e3072c98c4290d12021-11-25T19:06:10ZElectron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers10.3390/sym131120292073-8994https://doaj.org/article/c3f9fe7d6a9c43968e3072c98c4290d12021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2029https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994The propagation of electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma, comprising <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-distributed hot electrons, cold inertial electrons, and stationary positive ions, is investigated. Both the unmodulated and modulated EAWs, such as solitary waves, rogue waves (RWs), and breathers are discussed. The Sagdeev potential approach is employed to determine the existence domain of electron acoustic solitary structures and study the perfectly symmetric planar nonlinear unmodulated structures. Moreover, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is derived and its modulated solutions, including first order RWs (Peregrine soliton), higher-order RWs (super RWs), and breathers (Akhmediev breathers and Kuznetsov–Ma soliton) are presented. The effects of plasma parameters and, in particular, the effects of spectral indices <i>r</i> and <i>q</i>, of distribution functions on the characteristics of both unmodulated and modulated EAWs, are examined in detail. In a limited cases, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> distribution is compared with Maxwellian and kappa distributions. The present investigation may be beneficial to comprehend and predict the modulated and unmodulated electron acoustic structures in laboratory and space plasmas.Wedad AlbalawiRabia JahangirWaqas MasoodSadah A. AlkhateebSamir A. El-TantawyMDPI AGarticlenon-Maxwellian plasmasSagdeev potentiala nonlinear Schrödinger equationunmodulated solitary wavesrogue waves and breathersMathematicsQA1-939ENSymmetry, Vol 13, Iss 2029, p 2029 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	non-Maxwellian plasmas Sagdeev potential a nonlinear Schrödinger equation unmodulated solitary waves rogue waves and breathers Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	non-Maxwellian plasmas Sagdeev potential a nonlinear Schrödinger equation unmodulated solitary waves rogue waves and breathers Mathematics QA1-939 Wedad Albalawi Rabia Jahangir Waqas Masood Sadah A. Alkhateeb Samir A. El-Tantawy Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers
description	The propagation of electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma, comprising <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-distributed hot electrons, cold inertial electrons, and stationary positive ions, is investigated. Both the unmodulated and modulated EAWs, such as solitary waves, rogue waves (RWs), and breathers are discussed. The Sagdeev potential approach is employed to determine the existence domain of electron acoustic solitary structures and study the perfectly symmetric planar nonlinear unmodulated structures. Moreover, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is derived and its modulated solutions, including first order RWs (Peregrine soliton), higher-order RWs (super RWs), and breathers (Akhmediev breathers and Kuznetsov–Ma soliton) are presented. The effects of plasma parameters and, in particular, the effects of spectral indices <i>r</i> and <i>q</i>, of distribution functions on the characteristics of both unmodulated and modulated EAWs, are examined in detail. In a limited cases, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> distribution is compared with Maxwellian and kappa distributions. The present investigation may be beneficial to comprehend and predict the modulated and unmodulated electron acoustic structures in laboratory and space plasmas.
format	article
author	Wedad Albalawi Rabia Jahangir Waqas Masood Sadah A. Alkhateeb Samir A. El-Tantawy
author_facet	Wedad Albalawi Rabia Jahangir Waqas Masood Sadah A. Alkhateeb Samir A. El-Tantawy
author_sort	Wedad Albalawi
title	Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers
title_short	Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers
title_full	Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers
title_fullStr	Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers
title_full_unstemmed	Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers
title_sort	electron-acoustic (un)modulated structures in a plasma having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-distributed electrons: solitons, super rogue waves, and breathers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/c3f9fe7d6a9c43968e3072c98c4290d1
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Electron-Acoustic (Un)Modulated Structures in a Plasma Having (<i>r</i>, <i>q</i>)-Distributed Electrons: Solitons, Super Rogue Waves, and Breathers

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