Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment

Davida F Kruger,1 Susan LaRue,2,3 Phil Estepa31Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA; 2Amylin Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA; 3AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, USAAbstract: Injectable treatments, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin, are options for the pharmacologic t...

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Autores principales:	Kruger DF, LaRue S, Estepa P
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c4101dd3e397480987d143c0013dfd54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c4101dd3e397480987d143c0013dfd542021-12-02T07:52:03ZRecognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/c4101dd3e397480987d143c0013dfd542015-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/recognition-of-and-steps-to-mitigate-anxiety-and-fear-of-pain-in-injec-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007 Davida F Kruger,1 Susan LaRue,2,3 Phil Estepa31Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA; 2Amylin Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA; 3AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, USAAbstract: Injectable treatments, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin, are options for the pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes. Numerous barriers lead to delay in initiating injectable treatment, which, in turn, may lead to inadequate glycemic control and increased risk of diabetes-related complications, underscoring the need to understand and address these barriers. Barriers to the initiation of injectable therapy, strategies to mitigate barriers, and information about needle attributes and their relation to needle pain are reviewed on the basis of published literature retrieval and our clinical experience. Barriers to the initiation of injectable therapy originate from both patients and practitioners. Anxiety about and fear of injection-associated pain has been estimated to affect approximately 30%–50% of patients before the initiation of diabetes education interventions. Advances in needle design have minimized the pain associated with injections, and recent data suggest that actual pain and bleeding associated with various needle gauges (21-gauge to 31-gauge) are mild. Other barriers include concerns about the ability to handle injectable therapy, concerns about treatment side effects, and impacts on quality of life. Practitioners can help to mitigate barriers to injectable treatment for type 2 diabetes by understanding patient perceptions, improving education, and setting realistic expectations about therapy. Strategies for minimizing injection-associated fear and anxiety include a combination of assessment, appropriate needle selection, patient education, behavioral interventions, and monitoring.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, injection, needle, anxiety, fearKruger DFLaRue SEstepa PDove Medical PressarticleSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 49-56 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Kruger DF LaRue S Estepa P Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
description	Davida F Kruger,1 Susan LaRue,2,3 Phil Estepa31Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA; 2Amylin Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA; 3AstraZeneca, San Diego, CA, USAAbstract: Injectable treatments, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin, are options for the pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes. Numerous barriers lead to delay in initiating injectable treatment, which, in turn, may lead to inadequate glycemic control and increased risk of diabetes-related complications, underscoring the need to understand and address these barriers. Barriers to the initiation of injectable therapy, strategies to mitigate barriers, and information about needle attributes and their relation to needle pain are reviewed on the basis of published literature retrieval and our clinical experience. Barriers to the initiation of injectable therapy originate from both patients and practitioners. Anxiety about and fear of injection-associated pain has been estimated to affect approximately 30%–50% of patients before the initiation of diabetes education interventions. Advances in needle design have minimized the pain associated with injections, and recent data suggest that actual pain and bleeding associated with various needle gauges (21-gauge to 31-gauge) are mild. Other barriers include concerns about the ability to handle injectable therapy, concerns about treatment side effects, and impacts on quality of life. Practitioners can help to mitigate barriers to injectable treatment for type 2 diabetes by understanding patient perceptions, improving education, and setting realistic expectations about therapy. Strategies for minimizing injection-associated fear and anxiety include a combination of assessment, appropriate needle selection, patient education, behavioral interventions, and monitoring.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, injection, needle, anxiety, fear
format	article
author	Kruger DF LaRue S Estepa P
author_facet	Kruger DF LaRue S Estepa P
author_sort	Kruger DF
title	Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
title_short	Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
title_full	Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
title_fullStr	Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
title_full_unstemmed	Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
title_sort	recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/c4101dd3e397480987d143c0013dfd54
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Recognition of and steps to mitigate anxiety and fear of pain in injectable diabetes treatment

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