The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.

The Interferon induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM) are a family of transmembrane proteins that is known to inhibit cell invasion of viruses such as HIV-1 and influenza. We show that the IFITM genes are a subfamily in a larger family of transmembrane (TM) proteins that we call Dispanins, which ref...

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Autores principales:	Markus Sällman Almén, Nathalie Bringeland, Robert Fredriksson, Helgi B Schiöth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/c41916df1d78422f920085392d454269
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:c41916df1d78422f920085392d4542692021-11-18T07:27:27ZThe dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0031961https://doaj.org/article/c41916df1d78422f920085392d4542692012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22363774/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The Interferon induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM) are a family of transmembrane proteins that is known to inhibit cell invasion of viruses such as HIV-1 and influenza. We show that the IFITM genes are a subfamily in a larger family of transmembrane (TM) proteins that we call Dispanins, which refers to a common 2TM structure. We mined the Dispanins in 36 eukaryotic species, covering all major eukaryotic groups, and investigated their evolutionary history using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to infer a phylogenetic tree. We identified ten human genes that together with the known IFITM genes form the Dispanin family. We show that the Dispanins first emerged in eukaryotes in a common ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoa, and that the family later expanded in vertebrates where it forms four subfamilies (A-D). Interestingly, we also find that the family is found in several different phyla of bacteria and propose that it was horizontally transferred to eukaryotes from bacteria in the common ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoa. The bacterial and eukaryotic sequences have a considerably conserved protein structure. In conclusion, we introduce a novel family, the Dispanins, together with a nomenclature based on the evolutionary origin.Markus Sällman AlménNathalie BringelandRobert FredrikssonHelgi B SchiöthPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 2, p e31961 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Markus Sällman Almén Nathalie Bringeland Robert Fredriksson Helgi B Schiöth The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.
description	The Interferon induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM) are a family of transmembrane proteins that is known to inhibit cell invasion of viruses such as HIV-1 and influenza. We show that the IFITM genes are a subfamily in a larger family of transmembrane (TM) proteins that we call Dispanins, which refers to a common 2TM structure. We mined the Dispanins in 36 eukaryotic species, covering all major eukaryotic groups, and investigated their evolutionary history using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches to infer a phylogenetic tree. We identified ten human genes that together with the known IFITM genes form the Dispanin family. We show that the Dispanins first emerged in eukaryotes in a common ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoa, and that the family later expanded in vertebrates where it forms four subfamilies (A-D). Interestingly, we also find that the family is found in several different phyla of bacteria and propose that it was horizontally transferred to eukaryotes from bacteria in the common ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoa. The bacterial and eukaryotic sequences have a considerably conserved protein structure. In conclusion, we introduce a novel family, the Dispanins, together with a nomenclature based on the evolutionary origin.
format	article
author	Markus Sällman Almén Nathalie Bringeland Robert Fredriksson Helgi B Schiöth
author_facet	Markus Sällman Almén Nathalie Bringeland Robert Fredriksson Helgi B Schiöth
author_sort	Markus Sällman Almén
title	The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.
title_short	The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.
title_full	The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.
title_fullStr	The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.
title_full_unstemmed	The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.
title_sort	dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/c41916df1d78422f920085392d454269
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The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members.

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